不同追肥量对生姜产量、养分吸收和根区土壤的影响

Effects of Different Topdressing Amounts on Yield,Nutrient Absorption and Root Zone Soil of Ginger

为解决生姜过量施肥造成的土壤根区连作障碍危害问题,以667 m^(2)追肥N 17.4 kg、P_(2)O_(5)10.2 kg、K_(2)O 33.6 kg为常规追肥量(对照),研究比较了不同追肥量处理对生姜植株生长、产量、营养元素吸收及根区土壤养分与土壤酶活性的差异。结果表明:较常规追肥减施20%可促进生姜植株生长,且有一定的增产效果,而较常规追肥减施40%则植株生长不良且减产;而较常规追肥增施20%,可促进生姜植株生长,但并无增产效果。生姜植株对养分元素吸收量表现为K>N>P,其中N、K元素在生姜植株中含量较高,P元素在姜块中含量较高,适当增施钾肥,有助于生姜植株对钾元素的吸收和转运过量的施肥,过量施氮不会在土壤中累积,但过量施用的磷、钾肥则会在土壤中富集;过量施肥会导致土壤pH值下降和土壤蔗糖酶活性降低,抑制土壤有机质的分解。综合生姜生产效益情况,建议较常规追肥量减施20%化肥,通过适当减施,可提高产量,调整根区环境,达到减肥增效的效果。

In order to solve the problems of continuous cropping obstacles in soil root zone caused by excessive fertilization of ginger,the differences of ginger plant growth,yield,nutrient element absorption,soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity in root zone of ginger under different topdressing amounts were compared using topdressing of N 17.4 kg,P_(2)O_(5)10.2 kg and K_(2)O 33.6 kg per 667 m^(2) as the conventional topdressing(control).The results showed that reducing the application of 20%could promote the growth of ginger plants and had a certain effect of increasing yield compared with the conventional topdressing,but reducing the application of 40%compared with the conventional topdressing could inhibit the growth of ginger plants and reduced the yield.Compared with the conventional topdressing,an increase of 20%could promote the growth of ginger plants,but it was not conducive to increase yield.The absorption of nutrient elements by ginger plants was K>N>P,in which the content of N and K elements in ginger plants was higher,and the content of P element in ginger blocks was higher.Appropriate application of potassium fertilizer was conducive to the absorption and transportation of potassium elements in ginger plants.Excessive application of nitrogen would not accumulate in the soil,but excessive application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers would enrich in the soil.Excessive fertilization would lead to the decline of soil pH value and soil invertase activity,and inhibited the decomposition of soil organic matter.Based on the production benefit of ginger,it was suggested to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer by 20%compared with the conventional topdressing.By appropriately reducing the application,the yield could increase,and the root zone environment could be adjusted to achieve the effect of weight loss and efficiency increase.