摘要
Grapevine trunk diseases are a major concern to the wine-and table-grape industries worldwide,limiting both vineyard longevity and productivity.Field surveys conducted throughout the grape-growing regions of Arkansas and Missouri revealed the presence of three economically important grapevine trunk diseases including,Botryosphaeria canker,Eutypa dieback and esca.Morphological studies along with multi-gene phylogenetical analyses confirmed the identification of 15 different fungal taxa associated with different vascular symptoms.These include Botryosphaeria dothidea,Diatrypella sp.,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella americana,Eutypa lata,Eutypella vitis,Lasiodiplodia missouriana,Lasiodiplodia viticola,Neofusicoccum ribis,Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme,Pestalotiopsis sp.,Pestalotiopsis uvicola,Phaeomoniella chlamydospora,Phomopsis viticola,Schyzophyllum commune,and Togninia minima.All of these represent new records on grapevines in Arkansas and Missouri.Dothiorella americana,L.missouriana and L.viticola are described as new species,and both N.ribis and N.vitifusiforme are first reported as grapevine pathogens in North America.Koch’s postulates confirmed the pathogenicity of all fungal species except S.commune in the interspecific hybrids Vignoles,Chambourcin,Norton,and Traminette.Lasiodiplodia spp.,N.ribis,and P.viticola were the most virulent fungi,while D.americana,E.vitis and N.vitifusiforme were considered to be weak pathogens.This research highlights the importance that grapevine trunk diseases have on grapevine health in growing regions where,due to different climatological conditions,interspecific hybrid cultivars are predominantly grown.
