铅酸电池中锑迁移影响因素的研究

Study on influencing factors of antimony migration in lead-acid batteries

测试含锑正极在不同电流密度、温度、板栅表面电镀和使用工况下对应负极的析氢性能、循环伏安特性、电子扫描电镜以及交流阻抗。试验结果表明:正极锑含量高时,电流密度的增加对负极析氢影响较大;温度提高可增加静置和充电情况下的析氢电流,尤其是充电温度高于50℃时,负极的析氢加剧;板栅表面电镀铅可抑制正极锑离子的电解,同时发现锑在负极的吸附使氧化峰电位负移43 mV,提高了电池放电性能;电极在连续充电时比循环时更容易增加电极的析氢电流,同时锑的吸附提高了电极的电化学阻抗。

The hydrogen evolution performances,cyclic voltammetry characteristics,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)of electrodes contained antimony at different condition such as current density,temperature,grid electroplating and working duty method were studied.It is found that current density played an important role on hydrogen evolution performances of samples with high antimony content.The increasing of temperature could improve hydrogen evolution current under the condition of rest and charging states,the performance of hydrogen evolution can become worse when the value reach up to 50℃.The electroplating inhibited the dissolution of antimony from positive plate,the adsorption of antimony on the surface of negative made the oxide peak of Pb/Pb^(2+)move to negative direction by 43 mV.Continues charging process would improve the deposition of antimony ion and lead to serious hydrogen evolution at the test electrode.Finally,it is also found that antimony in the electrode would increase the electrochemical reaction impedance which cause lower charge ability.