加密资产刑事案件:样态、种类、问题及解决--基于551份刑事判决的分析

Criminal Cases Involved in Crypto Assets:Patterns,Types,Problems and Solutions--Based on an Analysis of 551 Criminal Judgments

加密资产因高价值而受到投资者热捧,但也因此成为犯罪对象或犯罪工具。基于对加密资产相关犯罪行为的担忧,我国陆续出台了对加密资产的监管政策。司法实践中的案例展现了涉及加密资产犯罪和刑事处理的现实情况。统计分析表明涉及加密资产的刑事案件体现了政策制定者的担忧,但也存在事实情况与担忧的偏差。加密资产所涉刑事案件处理中存在同案不同判、金额计算难和冻结资产处置困难等问题。应当基于加密资产的财产属性实现法律适用的统一,在国内全面禁止加密资产交易的情况下,只能采信国际市场加密资产交易数据作为涉案金额计算证据,并借助国外中介处置冻结资产。

Crypto assets are popular with investors for their high value,and have also become the object or tool of crime.China has successively introduced regulatory policies on crypto assets,among which there are many concerns about criminal acts related to crypto assets.Cases in judicial practice demonstrate the reality of crime and criminal processing involving crypto assets.Statistical analysis shows that criminal cases involving crypto assets reflect policymakers’concerns,but there is also a deviation between the factual situation and concerns.In the handling of criminal cases involving crypto assets,there are problems such as identical lawsuits with distinct judgment,difficulty in calculating the amount,and difficulty in disposing of frozen assets.The legal application should be unified based on the property attributes of crypto assets.Under the circumstance that the transaction of crypto assets is completely prohibited in China,the transaction data of crypto assets in the international market should be adopted as evidence for the calculation of the amount involved in the case,and the frozen assets should be disposed of with the help of foreign intermediaries.