刑事涉案财物保管问题刍议

On the Custody of Property Involved in Criminal Cases

公安司法机关基于刑事诉讼的需要对涉案财物实施审前查控,由此,在国家与刑事诉讼当事人之间产生了公法上的保管关系,办案机关必须善尽保管之责任。由于我国《刑事诉讼法》并未对涉案财物保管问题作出详细规定,迄今为止,有关刑事涉案财物保管的具体规则主要集中在公安、检察机关制定的规范性文件中。目前,刑事涉案财物保管活动主要存在着三方面问题:一是现有规定侧重取证合法,忽视妥当保管;二是保管人员、保管机构专业化、专职化水平有待提高;三是涉案财物移送机制尚需进一步健全。未来,在制度设计层面上,刑事涉案财物保管制度改革应当从保管机构的统一化与专门化、探索信息化的涉案财物管理方式和适时引入涉案财物经营增值机制等角度着手。

Based on the needs of criminal proceedings,the public security and judicial organs carry out pre-trial investigation and control of the property involved.Therefore,there is a custody relationship in public law between the state and the parties in criminal proceedings,and the case handling organ must do its duty of custody.Since China’s criminal procedure law does not make detailed provisions on the custody of property involved in criminal cases,so far,the specific rules on the custody of property involved in criminal cases are mainly concentrated in the normative documents formulated by the public security and procuratorial organs.At present,there are three main problems in the custody of property involved in criminal cases:firstly,the existing provisions focus on the legality of evidence collection and ignore the proper custody;secondly,the level of specialization and specialization of custodians and custodians is low;thirdly,the transfer mechanism of property involved in the case is not perfect.In the future,at the level of system design,the reform of the custody system of property involved in criminal cases should start from the perspectives of the unification and specialization of custody institutions,the exploration of information-based management methods of criminal related property and the timely introduction of value-added mechanism of criminal related property management.