“好辩”为何不得已?--论儒学的群己困境与话语策略

On Confucian Group-individual Dilemma and Discourse Strategy

作为儒学的代表作者,孟子在具体的政治论辩中每每出现违背常情的极端化逻辑。“国君进贤”片段呈现出语义表达与语义所指之间的冲突,就是这种逻辑的具体表现。这种不合情理的逻辑是一种话语策略,可让其思想争取更多的受众。孟子自谓不得已,折射出儒学或中庸之道在面临思想竞争中难以避免的群己困境:慎言而沉默,抑或“好辩”而鸣世?从理论上看,儒学的群己观相对独立于心性观,群己观在汲取心性之本的同时,有其自身的内在逻辑。在喧嚣时代里,这一极化的话语策略对于当代儒学乃至中华文明在世界范围内的传播有着重要的启发意义。

As an important representative of Confucianism who advocates mild and gentle behaviors,Mencius is supposed to propagandize the policy of benevolent governance,but unexpectedly he often shows his extremalization in political debates specifically.According to Mencius,polarization means more a strategic choice than a skill.And the proposition of“talents selection of the monarch”presents a contraction between authenticity and logic,which can be treated as a specific representation of the strategic choice of extremalization.Mencius's argumentative image shows the group-individual dilemma:to be discreet in speech or be argumentative?Theoretically,it indicates that the group-individual problem is relatively independent from the human nature problem.Practically,the argumentative discourse strategy very likely brings convenience to spread the Confucianism.