珠江三角洲西岸生态用地时空变化及景观格局演变特征研究

Temporal and spatial variation of ecological land use and landscape pattern evolution in the west bank of Pearl River Delta

以1980—2018年的5期土地利用覆被数据为基础,采用土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局指数分析珠江三角洲西岸生态用地时空变化及景观格局演变规律。结果表明,珠江三角洲西岸生态用地以林地、水域和草地为主,1980—2018年,由于城镇化进程加快,大量建设用地挤占生态用地,生态用地呈不断减少趋势。生态用地转移总体上呈东南部和中部转出多转入少、西北部和南部转出少转入多的格局。其中,生态用地减少最多的区域集中在广州、佛山等中心城市,佛山市、珠海市和中山市是主要水域转出区;减少面积由中心城市向四周呈由多到少、由集中到破碎的分散形态。生态用地的景观多样性和均匀度上升,斑块类型趋于多样化,景观内部空间连通度下降,呈减少和破碎化趋势,2010—2018年生态用地景观破碎化速度减缓。

Based on the five periods of land use and cover data from 1980 to 2018,the temporal and spatial changes and landscape pattern evolution of ecological land in the west bank of the Pearl River Delta were analyzed by using land use dynamic degree,land use transfer matrix and landscape pattern index.The results showed that the ecological land in the west bank of the Pearl River Delta was mainly woodland,water area and grassland.A large amount of construction land occupied ecological land,and ecological land showed a decreasing trend.On the whole,in the southeast and central parts,more ecological land was transferred out,while less was transferred in;in the northwest and south parts,less ecological land was transferred out and more was transferred in.Among them,the areas with the largest reduction of ecological land were concentrated in Guangzhou,Foshan and other central cities,and Foshan,Zhuhai and Zhongshan were the main water transfer areas,showing a decentralized pattern from more to less and from concentration to fragmentation.The landscape diversity and evenness of ecological land increased,the patch types tended to be diversified,and the spatial connectivity within the landscape decreased,showing a trend of reduction and fragmentation.The landscape fragmentation rate of ecological land slowed down from 2010 to 2018.