牡丹江市四种常见啮齿动物四肢骨的比较研究

Comparative study on limb bones of four common rodents in Mudanjiang City

为研究不同生活习性的啮齿动物在四肢骨骼之间差异,对黑龙江省牡丹江市森林生态系统的大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)和棕背䶄(Myodes rufocanus)、农田生态系统的东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)和黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)的四肢骨粗壮度、重量百分比以及动力臂系数进行测量计算。结果表明,4种鼠类中,东方田鼠尺桡骨和股骨粗壮度的平均值、棕背䶄的肱骨粗壮度的平均值以及黑线姬鼠胫腓骨粗壮度的平均值分别高于其他3种鼠的对应骨骼。在四肢骨的重量百分比中,两种生境4种鼠类的骨骼重量百分比均表现为后肢骨>前肢骨,该指标符合林农地区善于奔跑跳跃的鼠类四肢骨优化设计原则。动力臂系数表现出穴居鼠类东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠挖掘能力强于营巢于地面的棕背䶄和大林姬鼠,由此特征反映出啮齿动物对于生境与习性的不同骨骼做出了适应性的变化。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in limb bones of rodents with different living habits,in Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Province.The limb bone strength,weight percentage and dynamic arm coefficient of Apodemus peninsulae and Myodes rufocanus in forest ecosystem,Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius in farmland ecosystem were measured and calculated.Results showed that the average values of ulnar,radius and femur of Microtus fortis,the average value of humerus of Myodes rufocanus and the average values of tibia and fibula of Apodemus agrarius were higher than the corresponding bones of the other three species.In the weight percentage of limb bone,the proportion of hind limb bone was larger than that of forelimb bone in two habitats,which was in line with the optimization design principle of limb bone of mice that were good at running and jumping in forestry and agricultural areas.The dynamic arm coefficient showed that the burrowing rodents,Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius,had stronger digging ability than the ground dwelling rodents,such as Myodes rufocanus and Apodemus peninsulae,which reflected the adaptive changes of rodents to different skeletons of habitats and habits.