环境影响评价、排污许可、生态环境执法制度衔接进展及展望

Coherence Progress and Prospect of Environmental Impact Assessment,Pollutant Discharge Permit and Ecological Environmental Law Enforcement System

建设项目环境影响评价制度、固定污染源排污许可制度和生态环境执法制度贯穿固定污染源全生命周期环境管理,三者的有机衔接是构建现代环境治理体系的必要条件。本文系统梳理了近年来各级生态环境部门在三项制度衔接方面开展的各项工作和取得的积极成效,并针对政策模糊导致环境影响评价与排污许可衔接操作尺度不一、排污许可证质量和基层执法能力有待提高等问题,提出加强相关政策解读、进一步提高环境影响评价与排污许可衔接要求的可操作性,利益相关者共同治理、全面提高排污许可证质量,强化基层执法保障、切实提升“依证执法”能力等建议。

Project environmental impact assessment system,stationary source discharge permit system and ecological environmental law enforcement system run through the whole life of stationary pollution sources environmental management,and the coherence for the three systems is necessary for the construction of modern environmental administration system.This paper systematically combs the tough jobs and positive achievements made by the ecological environmental authorities at all levels in connection with the three systems in recent years.The paper aims at the problems such as the ambiguity of policies leading to different operational standards for the connection between environmental impact assessment system and discharge permit system,the quality of discharge permits and the ability of law enforcement at the local governments to be improved.Some suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the interpretation of relevant policies,further improving the maneuverability of the connecting requirements of environmental impact assessment system and discharge permit,joint governance of stakeholders,and comprehensively improving the quality of discharge permits,strengthening the guarantee of law enforcement at the local governments and improving the ability of"evidence-based law enforcement".