完善规划环评法律制度 强化决策源头环境管控——论我国规划环境影响评价制度的立法完善

Improving the Legal System of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment and Strengthening the Environmental Control at the Source of Decision Making∶Legislative Improvement of China’s Planning Environmental Impact Assessment System

规划环境影响评价制度具有源头预防功能,是现代环境治理体系的重要组成部分。在我国推行规划体系“多规合一”与“三线一单”生态环境分区管控等的背景下,规划环评制度亟须立法完善。基于我国现行规划环评制度与实践,梳理了规划环评制度的发展现状和改革背景,分析了现行规划环评制度存在的适用范围与实际不符、环评质量的程序保障不足、环评结论的实质约束力弱等问题,并提出适用范围、编审程序、跟踪评价、监督机制、法律责任等方面的建议,以期为《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的修改提供支撑。

The planning environmental impact assessment system has the function of prevention at source and is an important part of modern environmental governance system.In the context of China’s major reforms such as the"Multi-Planning in One"and"Three Lines One Permit",the planning EIA law needs urgent legislative improvement.Based on the current planning EIA laws and practice in China,we reviewed the current status and reform background of the planning EIA law.We further analyzed the problems of the existing planning EIA law,such as the scope of application does not match the actual situation,the insufficient procedural guarantee of EIA quality,and the weak binding force of EIA conclusion.Suggestions on the scope of application,review procedures,follow-up evaluation,supervision mechanism,legal responsibility and other aspects are proposed to support the revision of Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China.