将气候变化因素纳入环境影响评价的国际经验与启示

International Experience of Integrating Climate Change into Environmental Impact Assessment and Enlightenment to China

国际上一些主要经济体将气候变化因素纳入环境影响评价工作已开展多年,在政策立法、技术体系制定以及实践成效方面有很多可供借鉴的经验。在我国“2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和”国家战略目标的背景下,参考国际经验,研究我国将温室气体评价和适应气候变化评价纳入环评管理顶层设计,提出强化立法支撑,顶层设计中应前瞻性考虑到气候变化适应性的内容;突出预防机制,开展基于不同评价对象的温室气体纳入环评体系技术方法研究;实现资源整合,构建不同部门和研究机构间气候变化研究成果互融互通支撑体系等建议。

Some major economies in the world have been investigating the integration of climate change into Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)for many years,and there are many experiences that can be used as references in policy legislation,technical system formulation and practical results.Under the background of China’s national strategic objectives and policies of"carbon emission peak by2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060"and referring to international experiences,we investigated how to incorporate greenhouse gas assessment and adaptation to climate change assessment into the top-level design of EIA management in China and proposed suggestions∶strengthening legislative support and considering the adaptability of climate change in the top-level design proactively;highlighting the prevention mechanism and investigating the technical methods of integrating greenhouse gases into the EIA system based on different evaluation objects;integrating resources and building a support system for the integration and interoperability of results from climate change research among different departments and research institutions.