进化论与宏观比较法

Evolutionism and Macroscopic Comparative Law

进化论给比较法的启示首先在于要对不同法律现象保持中立。旧有的比较法学秉持的是一种欧洲中心主义的视角,因此它很难准确地把握大陆法系与英美法系之外的其他法系。从微观层面看,以土耳其和日本为例,我们会发现法律总是处在不断发展变化的过程中,因此很难将它们完全在宏观上进行归类。即便在英美法系内部也不是完全一致,其中也有很多差异存在,而对这些问题的研究开启了微观比较法的视角。过去比较法的研究重点是从宏观上研究法律制度类型的划分与法律文化的优劣排序;现在比较法的研究重点则是从微观上研究法律文化的具体演变以及融合过程。进化论给我们的最大启示是,那些真正需要我们重视的比较法现象是多元化法律的融合问题。

The enlightenment of evolutionary theory to comparative law is to maintain neutrality to different legal phenomena.The old comparative law is a Eurocentric perspective,so it is difficult to accurately grasp the civil law system and other legal systems other than the common law system.At the micro level,taking Turkey and Japan as examples,we will find that the laws are always in the process of continuous development and change,so it is difficult to categorize them completely at the macro level.There are many differences even within the common law system,and the study of these issues opens up the perspective of micro-comparative law.In the past,the focus of comparative law research was to study the division of legal system types and the ranking of legal cultures from a macro perspective;now,the focus of comparative law research is to study the specific evolution and fusion process of legal culture from a micro perspective.The biggest revelation of evolutionary theory is that the phenomenon of comparative law that really needs our attention is the fusion of pluralistic laws.