海藻在反刍动物生产中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on The Application of Seaweed in Ruminant Production

海藻(Seaweed)是海产藻类的总称,作为海洋生物资源的一种,其种类多、分布广、生物活性物质和营养物质含量丰富,并且具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗病毒及抗心血管疾病等功能,因而被广泛开发利用作为一种新型饲料添加剂。有研究表明,海藻可以有效地维持动物机体健康,提高动物的生产性能,稳定瘤胃微生态平衡。但目前海藻作为添加剂使用仍存在重金属含量较高、提取难度大、生物活性成分以及营养物质成分不稳定、调控机理不明确等问题,因此改善提取工艺,确定最佳添加量,明确海藻的营养成分,加强海藻在体内代谢机制研究,有助于更好地了解海藻在反刍动物体内发挥作用。文章首先阐述了海藻的生物活性成分及其作用,其次总结了海藻在生产中对反刍动物瘤胃内环境、抗氧化和免疫调节能力、生产性能三个方面的研究进展,最后讨论了海藻在生产应用研究中亟需解决的问题,以期为开发新型海藻添加剂、提高海藻的利用效率及为提高反刍动物健康养殖水平提供理论依据。

Seaweed is the general name of marine algae.As a kind of marine biological resources,it has many types,wide distribution,and rich content of biologically active substances and nutrients.In addi⁃tion,seaweed has the functions of immune regulation,anti-oxidation,anti-virus and anti-cardiovascular diseases,so it has been widely developed and utilized as a new type of feed additive.Studies have shown that seaweed can effectively maintain animal health,improve animal production performance,and stabilize rumen microecological balance.However,the current use of seaweed as an additive still has problems such as high heavy metal content,difficult extraction,instable biologically active ingredients and nutrients,and unclear control mechanisms.Therefore,improving the extraction process of seaweed,determining the optimal addition amount,sorting out the nutritional components of seaweed,and strength⁃ening the research on the metabolic mechanism of seaweed in ruminants will help to better understand the role of seaweed in ruminants.This article firstly described the nutritional and biologically active in⁃gredients of seaweeds.Secondly,it summarized the research progress of seaweed in three aspects of rumi⁃nant rumen environment,antioxidant and immune regulation ability and production performance.Finally,it discussed the urgent needs of seaweeds in production and application research.To provide a theoreti⁃cal basis for the development of new seaweed ad⁃ditives,improving the utilization efficiency of sea⁃weed and strengthening the healthy breeding of ru⁃minants.