农地的社会功能及其制度配置——基于华北农村“小农户家庭经营”案例分析

The Social Function of Farmland and Its System Allocation:Discussion Based on Case Analysis of"Family Management of Small Farmers"Operation in Rural Areas of North China

农地制度在演化过程中持续强调农地的规模效益,在地权配置上偏重农地的经济功能,缺乏对农地社会功能的正面回应。华北农村“小农户家庭经营”案例显示,农地的养老功能得到增强,还在农业机械化社会服务水平提升中,延展出重要的家庭发展功能。宏观上,农地对于国家发展战略层面的社会稳定功能还将长期存续。在«民法典»时代,农地制度在回应社会发展中的地权诉求上存在诸多不足。未来农地制度配置应该强化有助于夯实土地集体所有制的政策配套,优化并探索土地经营权转让的制度安排和制度创新,妥善解决“小农户家庭经营”与农业现代化“大生产”之间的有机衔接机制问题,为农地社会功能的维系、发展和生长提供良好的产权基础。

In the process of evolution,the agricultural land system continues to emphasize the scale efficiency and the economic function of agricultural land in allocating land rights.However,it lacks a positive response to the social function of agricultural land.The operation cases of"family management of small farmers"in rural areas of North China show that the function of farmland for supporting the aged has been enhanced.Besides,a vital family development function has been involved in improving the social service level of agricultural mechanization.At the macro level,the social stability function of agricultural land for national development strategy will also continue for a long time.In the era of the Civil Code,the agricultural land system has many shortcomings in responding to the demands of land rights in social development.The future institutional design of agricultural land should strengthen the policies that can help consolidate the collective land ownership system,optimize and explore the institutional arrangement and innovation of land management rights transfer,and correctly solve the problem of organic interface mechanism between"smallholder family operation"and"large-scale production"of agricultural modernization,so as to provide a suitable property right foundation for the maintenance,development,and growth of social functions of agricultural land.