海南文昌沿岸大型海藻资源变化及影响因素分析

Resource changes of macroalgae and analysis of their influencing factors in Wenchang coast of Hainan province

根据2012年、2018年及2020年调查数据,探讨文昌沿岸大型海藻的资源变化及其影响因素,并提出保护建议。结果表明,2020年文昌沿岸大型海藻有49种,其中红藻26种、褐藻15种、绿藻8种,大型海藻平均盖度为16.26%;麒麟菜仅琼枝(Betaphycus gelatinae)1种,分布面积约为8.88 km^(2),平均盖度为0.66%,平均生物量为0.012 g/m^(2)。2012年大型海藻有37种,其平均盖度为17.54%;麒麟菜有2种,其分布面积为14.35 km^(2),平均生物量为7.85 g/m^(2)。2012年、2018年及2020年调查期间,文昌海域大型海藻整体呈下降趋势,平均盖度下降了1.28%,麒麟菜退化严重,面积减少了5.47 km^(2),平均生物量下降了约7.84 g/m^(2)。大型海藻分布主要受水体与底质环境、草食性生物、海草与珊瑚的分布状况及人为活动等因素影响。针对文昌沿岸藻场保护,建议要加强海域监管,优化分级管理,合理采取保护措施,注重陆海统筹,促进资源可持续发展,以期更好的发挥其生态功能。

We analyzed the resource changes and influencing factors of macroalgae resources along Wenchang coast based on the survey data in 2012,2018 and 2020,and proposed protection countermeasures.The results showed that 49 macroalgae species were identified,including 26 Rhodophyta,15 Phaeophyta and 8 Chlorophyta in Wenchang coast in 2020,with an average coverage of 16.26%.There were only 1 species of Eucheuma as Betaphycus gelatinae.Its distribution area was 8.88 km^(2),where its average coverage and biomass were 0.66% and 0.012 g/m^(2),espectively.There were 37 species of macroalgae with an average coverage of 17.54% and 2 species of Eucheuma with an area of 14.35 km^(2),an average biomass of 7.85 g/m^(2).During 2012,2018 and 2020,the macroalgae resources along Wenchang coast have been in a degraded state with a decrease in average coverage of 1.28%.The degradation of Eucheuma was serious,with a decrease in area of 5.47 km^(2) and a decrease in average biomass of 7.84 g/m^(2).The distribution of macroalgae is mainly influenced by the water and substrate environment,herbivorous organisms,the distribution of seagrass and coral,and human activities.In order to protect the coastal macroalgae resources of Wenchang,it is suggested to strengthen the supervision of the sea area,improve hierarchical management,take reasonable protection measures,pay attention to land and sea overall planning,and promote the sustainable development of the resources,so as to give better plays to their ecological functions.