间日疟原虫入侵网织红细胞相关蛋白的研究进展

Research progress on reticulocyte binding proteins associated with Plasmodium vivax invasion of reticulocytes

间日疟原虫是世界上分布最广泛的疟原虫,也是造成非洲以外地区人群感染疟疾的主要原因。间日疟原虫优先入侵网织红细胞,呈现高度的种特异性。间日疟原虫网织红细胞结合蛋白(PvRBP)家族作为入侵配体,介导了间日疟原虫入侵网织红细胞的新途径,是重要的免疫靶点。其中PvRBP2b与转铁蛋白受体1(TfR1),PvRBP2a与CD98的相互作用对间日疟原虫入侵网织红细胞至关重要。Pvrbp家族具有高度多态性并且可产生免疫逃避,能够增加间日疟入侵的效率和致病的严重程度。随着对间日疟原虫入侵分子机制研究的日益加深,研究产生高滴度抗体的疟疾疫苗将成为有效预防和控制疟疾的关键方法。本文就网织红细胞在间日疟原虫感染中的作用,以及Pv RBP家族在人群产生免疫应答的研究进展作一综述。

Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread malaria parasite that causes most malaria infection cases outside the most malarious continent,sub-Saharan Africa.P.vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes,with a high species specificity.P.vivax reticulocyte binding protein(PvRBP) family has been implicated in roles in reticulocyte invasion and severity of P.vivax infections.The members of PvRBP family act as invasion ligands that mediate new pathways for the parasites to invade reticulocytes,and therefore,are considered important immune tar-gets.Importantly,PvRBP2a-CD98 and PvRBP2b-TfR1 have been identified as two major ligand-receptor pairs implicated in the invasion of reticulocytes by P.vivax.The Pvrbp family is highly polymorphic and can generate immune evasion,which can increase the efficiency of vivax malaria invasion and the severity of the disease.With the ad-vances in research on the molecular mechanisms of P.vivax invasion,insights have been provided on members of this protein family as promising antimalarial vaccine candidates,able to generate high titer antibodies for effective prevention and control of vivax malaria.This review summarizes the role of reticulocytes in P.vivax infection and the function of the Pv RBP proteins family as immune targets in the human population.