2014—2020年泸州市狂犬病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of rabies in Luzhou City 2014 to 2020

目的分析泸州市狂犬病流行特征,为进一步做好泸州市狂犬病防制工作提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对泸州市2014—2020年狂犬病疫情资料进行分析。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行χ^(2)检验。结果2014—2020年泸州市共报告狂犬病24例,平均报告发病率为0.08/10万,病死率为100.00%。报告发病率2014年最高为0.16/10万(7例),2019年最低为0.02/10万(1例),发病率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=6.700,P=0.010);逐月分布无明显规律;有3个县/区年均发病率超过全市平均水平,分别是合江县0.18/10万、江阳区0.12/10万和纳溪区0.09/10万;男女性别比为1.67∶1;发病年龄最小7岁,最大76岁,以45~69岁年龄段为主;职业主要为农民20例(83.33%),其次为学生2例(8.33%),职业分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=58.222,P<0.001);伤人动物以犬只为主21例(87.50%),动物来源主要为家养动物12例(50.00%),其次为流浪动物11例(45.83%),伤人原因主要为主动袭击15例(62.50%),其次为自卫伤人和嘻逗9例(37.50%)。暴露方式主要为咬伤20例(83.33%),暴露程度主要为Ⅲ级暴露22例(91.66%),暴露部位主要为手部18例(75.00%),暴露后主动就医1例(4.17%),伤口未处理或自行处理23例(95.83%),24例患者均未接种狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论泸州市狂犬病年报告发病率呈下降趋势,但仍高于全国平均水平,要加强农村家养犬和流浪犬管理,落实以中老年、农民、学生等重点人群监测,广泛开展狂犬病健康宣传,提高群众狂犬病安全防范意识和防控知识知晓水平。

Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Luzhou city to provide a basis for further prevention and control of rabies in Luzhou city.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the rabies epidemic data in Luzhou city from 2014 to 2020 Chi-square test used by SPSS 18.0 software.Results A total of 24 cases of rabies were reported in Luzhou from 2014 to 2020,with an average reported incidence rate of 0.08/10^(5),and case fatality rate was 100.00%.The highest incidence rate was reported in 2014 which was 0.16/10^(5)(7 cases),and the lowest was in 2019 which was 0.02/10^(5)(1 case),and the incidence rate showed a downward trend(χ^(2) Trend=6.700,P=0.010).There was no obvious regularity of monthly distribution.There were 3 counties/districts with an annual incidence rate above the average level of the city,which was 0.18/10^(5) in Hejiang county,0.12/10^(5) in Jiangyang district and 0.09/10^(5) in Naxi district,respectively.The sex ratio between men and women was 1.67∶1.The youngest age of onset was 7 years old and the oldest was 76 years old,the age group was mainly 45 to 69 years old;The occupations were mainly farmers with 20 cases(83.33%),followed by students with 2 cases(8.33%).The differences in occupation distribution were statistically significant(χ^(2)=58.222,P<0.001);Dogs were the main injuring animals in 21 cases(87.50%),domestic animals in 12 cases(50.00%),stray animals in 11 cases(45.83%).The main causes of injury were active attacks in 15 cases(62.50%),then self-defense and teasing in 9 cases(37.50%).The main exposure mode was bite in 20 cases(83.33%),the main exposure degree was grade Ⅲ in 22 cases(91.66%),the main exposure site was hand in 18 cases(75.00%),active medical treatment after exposure in 1 case(4.17%),wound untreated or self-treated in 23 cases(95.83%),and 24 patients were not vaccinated with rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin.Conclusions The annual incidence rate of rabies in Luzhou is decreasing,but it is still higher than the national average level.We must strengthen the management of domestic dogs and stray dogs in rural areas and implement monitoring of key groups such as the middle-aged,the elderly,farmers and students.We should carry out extensive health propaganda on rabies and improve the safety awareness and the prevention and control knowledge level of rabies.