2020年绵阳市中小学生近视现状调查及相关因素分析

Prevalence of myopia and influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Mianyang City in 2020

目的了解绵阳市中小学生的近视患病情况,分析学生近视影响因素,为绵阳市今后的中小学生的近视防控提供建议。方法采用整群分层抽样方法,2020年绵阳市2区1县共17所中小学8064名学生进行对学生进行视力检查和影响因素问卷调查。采用EpiData 3.1软件双录入,SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用χ^(2)检验,影响因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果共调查8064名学生总近视率为61.4%。女生近视率高于男生(χ^(2)=24.281,P<0.001)。城市学生近视率高于郊县(χ^(2)=141.685,P<0.001)。不同性别、年级、地区的近视差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=975.98,P<0.001)。在影响近视的各因素中,按身高调整课桌椅、坚持做眼保健操、经常注意读写姿势等因素呈负相关,是近视的保护因素(OR<1)。而父母双方近视、长时间用眼后不休息、使用电子屏幕时间过多等因素,是造成近视的危险因素(OR>1),与近视的发生存在正相关性。结论绵阳市中小学生的近视率处于较高水平,且与许多因素有关。需针对性的开展近视的监测与干预工作,引导学生形成自主自律的健康生活方式。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students and its influencing factors in Mianyang City in 2020,aiming to make recommendations for the prevention and control of myopia in this city.Methods A total of 17 schools in two districts and one country of Mianyang city were selected by using a stratified cluster sampling method and around 8064 students participated in this survey.Visual acuity examination and questionnaire survey were conducted.Epidata 3.1 was used to enter the data,and SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.The Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups,and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression.Results A total of 8064 students were surveyed,and the prevalence rate of myopia was 61.4%.The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys(P<0.001).The prevalence rate of myopia in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas.(P<0.001).There is significant difference of prevalence rate of myopia among different genders,urban areas,and grades(P<0.05).Adjusting desks and chairs according to height,insisting on eye exercises,paying attention to reading and writing posture,long outdoor activities,and parents′non-myopia were associated with low odds for myopia(OR<1).The myopia of both parents,long-term use of eyes without rest,too much time using electronic screens,and too long reading and writing time after class is correlated to increased odds for myopia(OR>1).Conclusions The prevalence rate of myopia in primary and middle school students is at a relatively high level in Mianyang,and is related to many factors.It is necessary to carry out targeted monitoring and intervention of myopia to help students to form a healthy lifestyle.