社会无意识:弗洛姆文化观的精神分析维度

The Social Unconscious: The Psychoanalytic Dimension of Fromm’s Cultural View

社会无意识是弗洛姆文化观的一个核心概念。通过将社会无意识分别与弗洛伊德的个体无意识、马克思的社会意识和荣格的集体无意识并置比较,本文旨在研究弗洛姆文化观的精神分析维度。弗洛姆认为,社会无意识是文化权力压抑的产物;文化权力塑造了意识与无意识所构成的精神空间;社会无意识存在于由文化权力主导的社会中。这表明,从精神分析学的微观视角,弗洛姆洞察到了无所不在的文化权力对社会无意识的压抑和操控。这一洞见不仅深化了文化研究理论,同时也丰富和发展了马克思主义的相关理论。

The Social Unconscious is a core concept in Erich Fromm’s cultural view. By comparing the social unconscious with Freud’s the unconscious, Marx’s social consciousness and Jung’s the collective unconscious respectively, this article aims to study the psychoanalytic dimension of Fromm’s cultural view. For Fromm, the social unconscious is the product of cultural power suppression;cultural power shapes the spiritual space formed by consciousness and the unconscious;the social unconscious exists in societies dominated by cultural power. This shows that from the microscopic perspective of psychoanalysis, Fromm has gained an insight into the suppression and manipulation of the social unconscious by the ubiquitous cultural power. This insight not only deepens the theory of cultural studies, but also enriches and develops the related theoretical connotations of Marxist theory.