女职工生理期受特殊保护的立法选择

Legislative Choice of Special Protection for Female Employee’s Menstrual Period

女职工“生理期受特殊保护”的目的是减少和消除生理期特殊困难。女职工特殊权益概念的提出,为该项保护的立法形成提供了基本权利保护的正当性依据。国家任务论逻辑下的初期保护转为生产与保护并重的历史路径,并被行政保护所采纳,由法律确定为以“用工单位责任”为核心的“生理期受特殊保护”劳动保障制度。但实践中该制度的实施,存在用工单位侵权责任瑕疵、缩减特殊权益范围,及保护不足或过度等合法性危机。厘清“生理期受特殊保护”的国家保护目标,全面理解“生理期特殊权益”的规范内涵,重新梳理“生理期受特殊保护”的保护层级和内容,为国家和法律充分有效履行基本权利保护义务、赋予社会给付权功能,提供了宪法价值与逻辑。由此,审慎权衡劳资双方利益并修正现有生理期特殊劳动保障制度,确立生理假与健康权保障立法条款,及其他充分有效配套保护义务,将是未来修法的期待。

The purpose of female employees’ “special protection of menstrual period” is to reduce and eliminate special physiological difficulties during menstruation.The concept of special rights and interests of female employees,provides a legitimate basis of protection of fundamental rights for the legislative formation.The historical path from initial protection to emphasis on production and protection under the logic of national task theory,has been adopted by administrative protection,and determined by law into a labor security system of “special protection of menstrual period” with “employer’s responsibility” as the core.However,in practice,there exists some legitimacy crises during the implementation of the system,such as the defects of the tort liability of the employing unit,the reduction of the scope of special rights and interests,and the insufficient or excessive protection.Therefore,clarifying the national protection goal of “special protection of menstrual period”,fully understanding the normative commandments of “special rights and interests during menstruation”,and constructing a protection level and content of “special protection of menstrual period”,will provide constitutional value and logic for the country and the law to fully and effectively fulfill the obligation of protecting basic rights and play the role of social benefits.Therefore,carefully weighing the interests of both labor and management and revising the labor security system,establishing legislative provisions on the protection of menstrual leave and right to health,and other sufficient and effective supporting protection obligations will be the expectations of revision of future law.