数据犯罪的规制困境及其对策完善——基于非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪的展开

Regulatory Dilemma and Countermeasures of Data Crime——Expansion Based on the Crime of Illegally Obtaining Data from Computer Information System

非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪作为我国刑法中典型的数据犯罪,存在数据外延过度泛化和入罪行为过于狭窄的问题,难以满足我国当前数据犯罪治理的现实需求。突破规制数据犯罪的困境,首先需要厘定数据的内涵。刑法中的数据应采狭义概念并与信息犯罪相区分,从而将数据犯罪限定在记录信息但刑法未对信息内容作特别保护的范围之内。以此为基础,通过锚定数据犯罪的规制行为,形成完善数据犯罪立法的基本方案。非法获取数据行为的限制性规定应予取消,同时应将非法提供、利用、破坏数据的行为规定为犯罪。建议在刑法中设立危害计算机信息系统数据罪,确立数据安全管理秩序为刑法中的独立保护法益并完整涵盖应予规制的数据犯罪行为。

As a typical data crime in China’s criminal law,the crime of illegally obtaining data from computer information system has some problems,such as over-generalization of data extension and too narrow entry of crime.To break through the dilemma of regulating data crime,we need to define the connotation of data first.Data in criminal law should be defined in a narrow sense and distinguished from information crime so as to limit data crime to the scope of recording information without special protection of information content in criminal law.Then,through anchoring the regulation behavior of data crime,form the basic plan to perfect the legislation of data crime.Restrictions on illegal data acquisition should be removed,and the illegal provision,use and destruction of data should be criminalized.It is suggested to set up the crime of harming the data of computer information system in the criminal law,establish the order of data security management as the independent interest of the criminal law and completely cover the data crimes that should be regulated.