中国已经发生健康贫困的女性化了吗?——基于“全国健康扶贫动态监测系统数据”的研究

Has the Feminization of Health Poverty Occurred in China?——Based on the Data of the National Health Poverty Alleviation Dynamic Monitoring System

利用2017-2019年全国健康扶贫动态监测系统数据,从相对比重和卫生服务利用两个维度对中国是否发生健康贫困女性化问题进行了讨论,并基于安德森理论模型分析健康服务资源剥夺“女户主化”的发生机制。分析发现:从个体和家庭户主的性别占比看,健康贫困女性化并未在中国发生;从家庭户角度考察的卫生服务资源剥夺情况表现出“女户主化”的趋势。机制分析表明:相对较低的社会经济地位和为家“牺牲”的利他主义观念成为阻碍女户主充分利用医疗服务资源的重要因素。需要从精准识别女户主家庭、充分考虑“户主”女性与“配偶”女性的差异、降低女户主为家“牺牲”的机会成本和鼓励制定妇女地位指标四方面入手,破除女户主医疗服务使用障碍。

Based on the data of the national health poverty alleviation dynamic monitoring system from 2017 to 2019,this paper discusses whether the feminization of health poverty occurs in China from the two dimensions of relative proportion and health service utilization,and analyzes the occurrence mechanism of“female-headed households”trend of health service resource deprivation based on Anderson’s theoretical model.It is found that the feminization of health po-verty does not occur in China from the perspective of the gender proportion of individuals and heads of households;The deprivation of health service resources from the perspective of households shows a trend of“female women-headed households headed households”.Mechanism analysis shows that relatively low socio-economic status and altruistic concept of“sacrifice”for the family have become important factors that hinder female heads of households from making full use of medical service resources.The article believes that it is necessary to remove the barriers to the use of medical services for female heads of household from four aspects:accurately identifying female headed households,fully considering the differences between“head of household”women and“spouse”women,reducing the opportunity cost of“sacrifice”for female heads of household and encouraging the formulation of women’s status indicators.