2020年北京市啮齿类实验动物组织病理学监测总结和分析

Summary and Analysis of Histopathological Surveillance of Rodent Experimental Animals in Beijing in 2020

目的通过每年两次抽查检验北京市啮齿类实验动物的病理变化,一方面对北京市啮齿类实验动物质量总体水平做出科学评估,及时发现实验动物质量存在的问题,从而为实验动物的生产、管理和改进提供参考。另一方面强化实验动物质量管理与安全意识,保障和维护实验动物生产稳定。方法采集啮齿类实验动物的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大肠和小肠经甲醛钙液固定,通过HE染色、油红O染色和PAS染色等方法对啮齿类实验动物的组织脏器进行病理评估。结果大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、地鼠有少数病例表现为肝细胞肿胀;小鼠、大鼠脾脏白髓减少,髓外造血增加;小鼠有极少数表现为心外膜炎、心外膜钙化、大肠寄生虫感染、小肠肠炎、肾脏肾炎;豚鼠表现为肺炎、肝导管上皮增生、小肠陈旧性出血。结论大多数送检的实验动物基本健康;SPF级小鼠和大鼠需要排查导致脾脏白髓减少的因素,以期完善进而确保动物质量。豚鼠的病理变化主要发生在普通级豚鼠的肺脏,推测普通级豚鼠的饲养环境有待改善。SPF级豚鼠中检出肺炎也需要排查病因。

Objective Two times a year, through random inspection the rodents the pathological changes of experimental animals in Beijing, on the one hand, the overall quality of Beijing rodent experimental animals levels to make scientific evaluation, discover the problems existing in the quality of experimental animals, thus provide a reference for the production management and improvement of the experimental animals, on the other hand, enhance the consciousness of the experimental animal quality management and safety, security and maintenance of laboratory animal production stability.Method The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, rectal and intestine of rodents were collected and fixed with formaldehyde calcium solution. The tissues and organs of rodents were evaluated by HE staining, oil-red O staining and PAS staining.Result Hepatocyte swelling was found in a few cases in rats, mice, guinea pigs and hamster. In mice and rats, the white marrow of spleen decreased and the extramedullary hematopoiesis increased. Very few mice showed epicarditis, epicardial calcification, rectal parasitic infection, enteritis and nephritis. Guinea pigs presented with pneumonia, hepatic ductal epithelial hyperplasia and intestinal bleeding.Conclusion Most of the experimental animals submitted for testing are generally healthy;SPF mice and rats need to be screened for causes of decreased white pulp in the spleen in order to improve and ensure animal quality. The pathological changes of guinea pigs mainly occurred in the lungs of ordinary grade guinea pigs, so it was speculated that the breeding environment of ordinary grade guinea pigs should be improved. Detection of pneumonia in SPF grade guinea pigs also requires identification of the cause.