教育扩张与城乡居民家庭教育代际流动性

Education Expansion and Intergenerational Education Mobility

本文使用2013年中国家庭收入调查数据,采取教育代际次序相关性分析方法,考察了1986年《义务教育法》实施和1999年开始实施的高校扩招这两项重要的教育扩张政策对我国城乡家庭教育代际流动性的影响。研究发现:(1)《义务教育法》与大学扩招政策均显著提高了农村家庭的教育代际流动性,但对城镇家庭的教育代际流动性影响不显著。(2)相较于父代受教育水平在高中及以上的家庭,《义务教育法》的实施显著提高了父代受教育水平在高中以下的城镇家庭的教育代际流动性,而高校扩招政策显著提高了父代受教育水平在高中以下的农村家庭的教育代际流动性。(3)高校扩招政策显著提高了高等教育资源不丰富省份的农村家庭的教育代际流动性;并且对促进这些省份农村中低收入家庭的教育代际流动性的作用更加显著。(4)《义务教育法》和高校扩招政策的实施均显著促进了农村家庭父代受教育水平在高中以下子代的教育代际向上流动性。

In this paper,by using the 2013 CHIP urban and rural household survey data and adopting the intergenerational education rank correlation method,we empirically investigate the effect on urban and rural residents’intergenerational education mobility of two important educational expansion policies in China,the Compulsory Education Law implemented in 1986 and the college expansion policy carried out from 1999 onwards.The results show that firstly,both the Compulsory Education Law and the college expansion policy obviously increase the intergenerational education mobility between rural parents and their children,but do not promote the urban residents’intergenerational education mobility.Secondly,the result of the heterogeneity analysis suggests that,compared with those whose parents have received senior high level of education or above,the Compulsory Education Law prominently increases the intergenerational education mobility of urban residents whose parents have received education less than senior high level.Meanwhile,the college expansion policy significantly increases the intergenerational education mobility of rural residents whose parents have received education less than senior high level.Compared with rural high income households,the Compulsory Education Law and the college expansion policy play a more significant role in promoting the intergenerational education mobility of rural middle income households.Thirdly,compared with rural households in provinces where the higher education resource is richer,the college expansion policy obviously increases the intergenerational education mobility of rural households in provinces where the higher education resource is not rich.And compared with rural high income households in provinces where the higher education resource is not rich,the college expansion policy remarkably increases the intergenerational education mobility of rural middle and low income households in these provinces.Further analysis reveals that,both the Compulsory Education Law and the college expansion policy significantly increase the intergenerational education upward mobility of rural households’children whose parents have received education less than senior high level.