马尔堡病毒病的流行特征及其临床表现与预防控制

Marburg virus disease: epidemiology, clinical features, and prevention

目的 总结分析马尔堡病毒病的流行特征、临床表现、实验室检测和预防控制措施研究现状。方法 通过对PubMed数据库、必应学术收索、世界卫生组织发布信息等与马尔堡病毒病的流行情况有关的文献和资料的收集分析,筛选有明确分离时间和地区的马尔堡病毒基因组序列,进行系统进化分析,分析病原学特征。结果 马尔堡病毒是对人类最致命的病原体之一,其流行威胁的地区呈现不断扩大的趋势,人们对该病的认识主要源自3次较大规模的暴发流行,病毒遗传进化具有较高稳定性,两个主要分支间差异约为20%,分支内病毒基因组序列差异约为7%,但蝙蝠等自然宿主中同时流行的毒株具有丰富的多样性,给基于核酸的分子诊断带来挑战。结论 马尔堡病毒病流行形势与危害被低估,应引起人们警惕和关注,加大特异性防控和治疗措施的研发投入,提高病例识别和防控能力。

Objective To summarize and analyze the epidemic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory testing,prevention and control measures of Marburg virus disease. Methods The epidemic situation of Marburg virus disease was collected from PubMed database, Bing academic collection and information released by the World Health Organization. The complete sequence of virus genome with clear isolation time and region was screened, and the phylogenetic analysis was carried out to analyze the etiological characteristics. Results Marburg virus is one of the most lethal pathogens to human beings, and the areas threatened by Marburg virus are expanding. The understanding of the epidemic characteristics of Marburg virus mainly comes from three large-scale outbreaks. The genetic evolution of the virus has high stability. The difference between the two main clades is about 20%, and the difference of virus genome sequence within the clade is about 7%.However, the abundance and diversity of simultaneously circulating strains in natural hosts such as bats pose a challenge to nucleic acid based molecular diagnosis. Conclusion The epidemic situation and threaten of Marburg virus disease are underestimated, which should arouse attention to the scientific research of specific prevention and treatment measures.