大气中新粒子生成机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Formation Mechanisms of New Particles in the Atmosphere

新粒子生成是大气气溶胶粒子的重要来源之一,对全球空气质量、气候效应和人体健康都有着重要的影响。该文综述了实际环境大气观测新粒子成核过程中使用仪器的发展变化进程和大气中新粒子成核机制以及随后增长过程的重要研究成果。目前在全球很多不同的大气环境下都观测到了新粒子生成事件发生,并通过实验室研究和模型模拟发现了一些成核和增长机制,然而尚未有统一的机制能够全面系统地解释不同环境下新粒子是如何生成和增长的。特别是中国大气复合污染条件下粒子成核和增长的机制尚不明确。开发和应用先进的监测技术,结合外场观测、实验室研究和模型模拟等研究方法,在不同环境下进行长期的全面综合观测研究,进一步探究新粒子生成和增长背后的化学机制以及新粒子对区域空气质量和全球气候变化产生的影响,是大气新粒子生成研究亟待开展的工作。

New particle formation(NPF), one of the important sources of atmospheric aerosol particles, has a great impact on global air quality, climate change and human health. This paper reviewed the development of measurement techniques for the nucleation process observation in the realistic atmospheric environment, and the landmark research results on the nucleation mechanisms and the subsequent atmosphere particle growth processes. In the recent years, new particle formation events have been observed in many different atmospheric environments around the world, and several mechanisms of particle nucleation and growth have been discovered by laboratory studies and model simulations. However, there is still no universal mechanism which can comprehensively and systematically explain how new particle forms and grows in diverse atmospheric environmental conditions. Especially, the mechanism of particle nucleation and growth under combined atmospheric pollution in China is not clear. It is an urgent issue for future research to develop and apply advanced monitoring technology, together with field observation, laboratory research and model simulation, and conduct long-term comprehensive observations in different atmospheric environments for the further exploration to the chemical mechanism of the new particle formation and growth in the atmosphere as well as the impact on regional air quality and global climate change.