跨越学科认知边界:超学科的理念表征与现实适用

Beyond the Cognitive Boundaries of Disciplines:Conceptual Traits and Realistic Application of Transdisciplinarity

超学科是一种学习和解决现实世界问题的方法,不仅能够促进高等教育学科知识发展及理论创新,也能够对未来的知识生产、产业建设、社会转型等产生巨大影响。因此,探讨超学科的理念特征与现实适用,有助于明晰超学科作为一个专有术语存在的价值和意义。超学科被视为有别于多学科、跨学科的学术概念,不仅代表了学科间的自由思考,也允许不同知识在学科之间建立联系并进行交流,形成新的知识空间。超学科的发展理念具有三个表征:一是以解决问题为目的的知识统一,强调了多元知识及知识重组对解决系统化问题的现实功效;二是以实现公共利益为导向的跨界融合,强调了学科融合在解决社会复杂问题中所具有的价值属性;三是以民众参与为契机的协同合作,强调了跨界合作对当代知识生产以及知识创新的实际贡献。同时,超学科在现实适用中也发挥了其系统协作功能。在知识经济背景下,超学科教育的落地不仅回应了生产格局的变化取向,也标志着全球知识生产出现了新的转变,旨在通过一种适应性强的学习方式,推动变革性知识的产生;而在可持续发展背景下,超学科研究的应用也决定了其行为具有包容性和适用性,使超学科研究成了合作者或利益相关者相互学习的过程,即从单向输出的信息流,转变为多向互动的系统研究。

Transdisciplinarity is a method for acquiring knowledge and solving real-world problems.It can not only promote the development of the discipline knowledge and theoretical innovation in higher education,but also have a significant impact on future knowledge production,industrial construction,and social transformation.The paper is to clarify the value and significance of transdisciplinarity as a terminology after exploring its theoretical traits and real-life application.Transdisciplinarity is regarded as an academic concept that is different from multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity.It creates a path for free-thinking between disciplines,builds a bridge for exchanging knowledge from different disciplines and constructs a new knowledge space.Also,it has three traits including the problem-solving-oriented knowledge unity that emphasizes the practical effect of pluralistic knowledge or knowledge reorganization in solving systemic problems;the world-understanding-oriented cross-border integration that emphasizes the value attributes of disciplinary integration in solving complex social problems;the public-engagement-oriented cooperation that emphasizes the contribution of cross-border cooperation to contemporary knowledge production and knowledge innovation.Transdisciplinary education reflects the transformation of production patterns in the knowledge economy.Meanwhile,transdisciplinarity plays a role in the systematic collaboration in practice.In the context of the knowledge economy,transdisciplinary education to serve the social development reflects not only the changing orientation of the production pattern but also the new transformation of global knowledge production,aiming to promote the transformative knowledge by means of strong adaptive learning.In the context of sustainable development,transdisciplinary research in the application appears its inclusiveness and applicability with a mutual learning process between stakeholders from up-bottom to omni-directional information flow on research systems.