人参皂苷衍生化及生物活性研究进展

Research progress on ginsenoside derivatization and its biological activities

人参皂苷是人参Panax ginseng的主要生物活性成分,特别是其降解产物次级稀有人参皂苷具有广泛的抗癌、改善记忆、提高免疫力、神经保护等作用,但由于水溶性低,生物利用度小,应用受到一定的限制。通过对人参皂苷分子的结构进行修饰,可以有效提高人参皂苷的水溶性、靶向性,从而提高生物利用率,显著提高人参皂苷的药物活性和减少毒副作用。对人参皂苷结构修饰策略及活性研究进行了综述,为人参皂苷及其衍生物在食品、药品等领域的深层次应用研究提供理论依据。

Ginsenosides are the main biologically active components of ginseng,especially the secondary rare ginsenosides which are degradation products,have extensive biological activities.However,due to the characteristics of their structures,the low water solubility and the low bioavailability largely limit their applications.Modification of the molecular structure of ginsenosides by chemical methods can effectively improve the water solubility and targeting properties of ginsenosides,thereby increasing the bioavailability and significantly improving the drug activity of ginsenosides.This article reviews and compares the latest research advances in the modification methods and biological activity research of ginsenosides,which provides references for further studies on the chemical modification and potential utilization value of ginsenosides and their applications in food,medicine and other fields.