宅基地增值收益分配的疑难问题与规则构造

Difficult Problems and Rules Construction of the Value-Added Income Distribution of Residential Land

进一步完善宅基地增值收益分配运行机制,是保障宅基地增值收益收取环节与利用环节的公平性兼顾效率性的关键。各试点地区围绕收益范围、收益主体、参与方式、收益管理等方面进行了多元有益探索。但各地试点均呈现出适用范围与收益主体的不确定性、收益形式的混乱性、收费用途随意性等问题。宅基地增值应从收益分享主体的正当性、收益分配方式的多元化、收益分配管理的规范化等方面进行规则构造。宅基地增值收益分配应当以地租理论为依托,明确个人、集体、地方政府均存在参与增值收益分配的法理支撑;基于地域差异、产业差异等各地差异化特点,在宅基地分配方式立法上进行多元化表达;基于村民自治和农民基本权益保障的需要,结合具体规定,明确决议基础上的宅基地增值收益分配制度管理规则。

Further improving the operation mechanism of the value-added income distribution of residential land is the key to ensuring the fairness and efficiency in the collection and utilization of value-added income of residential land.Various beneficial explorations have been carried out in pilot areas in terms of revenue scope,revenue subject,participation mode and revenue management.However,there are also some problems such as the uncertainty of application scope and revenue subject,the confusion of revenue form and the randomness of charging usage.Therefore,rules should be constructed from the aspects of the legitimacy of the subject of income sharing,the diversification of income distribution methods and the standardization of income distribution management.Land value-added income distribution should be based on land rent theory,clarify the validity of individuals,collectives,local governments in value-added income distribution.It should explore diversified expression in legislation based on the regional and industry differences.Moreover,it should specify the management rules for the distribution of the value-added income from residential land based on the villagers'self-governance and the needs of safeguarding the farmers*basic rights and interests.