基于MEMS传感器的刀具磨损状态监测环设计研究

Design and Research of Tool Wear Condition Monitoring Ring Based on MEMS Sensors

针对目前刀具磨损状态监测装置使用不便、成本高昂和普适性差等问题,利用MPU9250加速度传感器、STM32F103微控制器、无线传输芯片和MATLAB软件,结合3D打印技术,开发出一套使用方便、成本低廉、普适性好、可靠性高、性能良好的刀具状态监测环和配套使用的数据采集分析软件。在数控铣床上测试不同转速下的主轴空转噪声,结果表明:空转噪声均方根对于切削时刀柄振动均方根的平均占比不足3.5%,对刀柄振动测量影响很小。同时进行了三因素三水平的正交试验,验证三个因素对主轴振动的影响程度,结果表明:三个因素对于刀柄振动的影响程度从高到低依次为切削速度、切削深度和每齿进给量。试验结果符合金属切削加工理论与实际,验证了本装置的可靠性与准确性,本系统为刀具磨损状态监测提供了一个新的解决方案。

In view of the current tool wear condition monitoring devices are inconvenient to use, high cost, poor universality and other defects, this paper used MPU9250 acceleration sensor, STM32 F103 microcontroller, wireless transmission chip, MATLAB software, combined with 3 D printing technology, developed a set of easy to use, low cost, high reliability, good universality, good performance tool condition monitoring ring and supporting data acquisition and analysis software.The spindle idling noise at different speeds is tested on a CNC milling machine.The results show that the root mean square of idling noise accounts is less than 3.5% of the root mean square of tool holder vibration during cutting, and has little effect on the measurement of tool holder vibration.At the same time, the orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels is carried out to verify the influence degree of the three factors on the spindle vibration.The results show that the influence degree of the three factors on the vibration of the tool holder is in the order of cutting speed, cutting depth and feed per tooth.The test results are consistent with the theory and practice of metal cutting, and the reliability and accuracy of the device are verified.The system provides a new solution for tool wear condition monitoring.