陆相页岩油研究进展及开发地质面临的问题

Advances in Continental Shale Oil Research and Problems of Reservoir Geology

针对页岩油开展了广泛文献调研,在页岩油概念的提出、演化及研究历程基础上,对陆相页岩油资源量分布、类型和潜力及若干关键问题等研究进展进行了综述,提出了陆相页岩油效益开发面临的关键开发地质问题。具体如下:1)阐述了页岩油概念的由来及最新定义。国内外页岩油均历经三个发展阶段,对页岩油的理论认识不断深入,开发效果和水平逐渐提升。我国陆相页岩油资源丰富、潜力巨大,是今后一个时期的重点攻关对象。2)陆相页岩油可按不同方式进行分类。按成熟度演化阶段划分固态有机质阶段、滞留烃阶段、液态烃阶段、液态烃裂解天然气阶段等四类;按源储组合类型划分源储共存型、源储分离型和纯页岩型三类;按开发方式分为夹层型、混积型、页岩型和裂缝型四类。3)陆相页岩油在细粒岩分类及沉积模式、源储岩石微观特征、富集机制、“七性特征”和工业化开采技术等方面取得了较大的进展。4)陆相页岩油源储结构表现出极强的非均质性,亟待加强细粒页岩沉积超高频基准面旋回对比模式、半深湖—深湖相低级次构型单元成因及分布模式、相控储层质量差异分布模式和地质工程一体化及甜点快速评价等开发地质方面的研究,以提高页岩油开发经济效益和采收率。

The current status of research and several key issues regarding the distribution,types and potential of con⁃tinental shale oil resources,based on the concept of shale oil,its evolution and research history were assessed follow⁃ing an extensive literature review.This paper addresses the geological problems and prospects for the efficient devel⁃opment of continental shale oil.(1)A definition of shale oil and its development and production significance is pro⁃posed.The development of shale oil has undergone three stages in China and elsewhere:the theoretical understand⁃ing of shale oil has been deepened,and the development effect and level have been gradually improved.Continental shale oil is a rich resource with abundant potential,so it is a future key target for China.(2)Continental shale oil is classified into four main types,based on maturity level:solid organic matter;stagnant hydrocarbon;liquid hydrocar⁃bon;and liquid hydrocarbon cracked gas.Oil shales are classified into three main types based on their source and res⁃ervoir:source-reservoir coexistence;separate source and reservoir;and shale type.Oil shales are also classified into four main types based on their development history:sandwich type;mixed accumulation type;shale type;and frac⁃ture type(.3)The study of continental shale oil has progressed considerably in areas such as the classification and de⁃position pattern of fine-grained sedimentary rocks,microscopic characteristics of source and reservoir rocks,enrich⁃ment mechanism,“seven characteristics”,and industrial exploitation technology.(4)The source-reservoir architec⁃ture of continental shale oil is strongly heterogeneous,and strengthening four aspects of geological research into its developmental is urgently needed in order to improve the economic efficiency and recovery rate of shale oil delivery.These research areas are(i)targeting ultra-high-frequency base-level cycles of fine-grained sedimentary shale;(ii)low-level sub-configuration unit genesis and distribution models of semi-deep and deep lacustrine deposits;(iii)fa⁃cies-restrained reservoir quality variability;and(iv)geotechnical engineering emphasis on rapid location of the sweet spot.