家庭策略视角下的农民教育观念及其地区差异——基于江浙地区与西南地区的比较

The Concept of Farmer Education and Its Regional Differentiation from the Perspective of Family Strategy——Based on the Comparison between Jiangsu and Zhejiang Regions and Southwest China

农民家庭的教育观念是在家庭策略的实践中形塑而成。家庭策略既取决于家庭资源禀赋的强弱,也取决于家庭目标的定位。文章基于家庭策略的视角,从家庭资源禀赋和家庭目标两个维度分析农民家庭教育观的形塑机制。家庭资源禀赋奠定了农民家庭教育投入的经济基础,而家庭目标定位则塑造了农民家庭教育投入的动力。总体而言,江浙地区农村由于其本地市场的区位优势,农民家庭资源禀赋较强,而发展导向的家庭目标进一步强化了教育投入的动力。西南地区农民家庭的资源禀赋有限,家庭目标的维持型导向弱化了农民教育投入的动力,农民家庭普遍不够重视子代教育,倾向于采取选择性投入的教育策略。教育是实现农民家庭发展和向上社会流动的有效途径,要引导农民家庭树立正确和理性的教育观,合理配置家庭资源,将家庭资源更多用于教育等人力资本投资方面,从而提升家庭的发展能力。

The educational concept of peasant family is formed in the practice of family strategy.Family strategy depends not only on the strength of family resource endow ment,but also on the positioning of family goal. Based on the perspective of family strategy,this paper analyzes the shaping mechanism of farmer’s family education view from tw o dimensions,namely family resource endow ment and family goal. The family resource endow ment lays the economic foundation of the farmer’s education investment,w hile the family goal orientation shapes the pow er of the farmer ’s family education investment. On the w hole, the rural areas in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions have strong resource endow ment due to their local markets as a distinct location advantage,and the development-oriented family goal further strengthens the pow er of education investment. In the Southw est China,farmers’ families have limited resource endow ment,and the maintenance orientation of family goals w eakens the motivation of farmers’ investment in education. Peasant families generally pay less attention to the education of their children and tend to adopt the strategy of selective investment. Education is an effective w ay to realize the development and upw ard social mobility of peasant families. It is necessary to guide peasant families to set up a correct and rational view of education,rationally allocate family resources,and spend more family resources on human capital investment,such as education,so as to improve the development ability of families.