基于物联网长期在线监测的办公建筑室内外环境质量变化特征研究

Research on the dynamic characteristics of indoor and outdoor environmental quality of office buildings based on long-term online monitoring of Internet of Things

为了解办公建筑室内外环境质量的变化特征,运用物联网技术,搭建室内外环境质量监测系统,对福建省厦门市某一办公建筑进行为期一年的连续监测,分析不同楼层办公室(6楼、9楼和15楼)室内外的温度、湿度、光照强度、甲醛、TVOC、CO_(2)以及PM_(2.5)在不同时间尺度下的污染情况与变化特征.结果表明:①在逐日变化尺度上,不同楼层办公室室内外温度和湿度都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,光照强度呈现先下降后上升的趋势,PM_(2.5)呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而不同楼层办公室室内外的甲醛、TVOC和CO_(2)的浓度随楼层高度升高而逐渐降低;②在季节尺度上,不同楼层办公室室内外温度的变化趋势为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,室内湿度呈现夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的规律,室内PM_(2.5)的变化规律为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,而室外湿度、室外PM_(2.5)以及不同楼层办公室室内外的光照强度、甲醛、TVOC和CO_(2)与季节交替的关系不大;③不同楼层办公室的室内外环境质量在工作日和周末未呈现明显的差异;④日变化尺度上,除PM_(2.5)以外,不同楼层办公室室内外温度、湿度、光照强度、甲醛、TVOC和CO_(2)都有明显的变化趋势,其中,甲醛、TVOC和CO_(2)的浓度随楼层高度的升高而降低,且各环境质量因子室内和室外的变化趋势存在滞后效应.

In order to recognize the dynamic characteristics of indoor and outdoor environmental quality of office buildings,this paper utilizes Internet of Things technology to build an indoor and outdoor environmental quality monitoring system to continuously monitor an office building in Xiamen,Fujian Province for one year,and analyzes the pollution and variation characteristics of temperature,humidity,illumination,formaldehyde,TVOC,CO_(2) and PM_(2.5) in different floors of 6^(th),9^(th),and 15^(th) at different time scales.The results show that:①for the daily variation,the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of offices at different floors show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.In contrast,illumination shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.PM_(2.5) shows a gradual downward trend.The concentrations of formaldehyde,TVOC and CO_(2) indoor and outdoor offices at different floor heights gradually decrease with the increase of floor height.②For the seasonal variation,the trend of indoor and outdoor temperature of offices with different floors is ranked as follows:summer>autumn>spring>winter.The indoor humidity presents the rule of summer>spring>autumn>winter,while the rank of indoor PM_(2.5) is winter>spring>autumn>summer.However,the outdoor humidity,outdoor PM_(2.5) and indoor and outdoor illumination,formaldehyde TVOC and CO_(2) have little relationship with seasonal alternation.③The indoor and outdoor environmental quality of offices with different floor heights showed no significant difference on weekdays and weekends.④For the diurnal variation,the indoor and outdoor temperature,humidity,illumination,formaldehyde,TVOC and CO_(2) of offices at different floors have obvious trends,except PM_(2.5).The concentrations of formaldehyde,TVOC and CO_(2) decrease with the increase of floor height,and there is a lag effect on the variation trend of indoor and outdoor environmental quality factors.