树种配置和叶元素含量的空气负离子浓度效应

Effect of Tree Species Collocation and Leaf Element Content on Negative Air Ion Concentration

【目的】在人工气候室控制试验条件下,分析不同树种配置的空气负离子(NAI)效应以及叶片养分元素和NAI效应的关系,旨在探究森林的NAI作用机理,为未来康养森林的树种配置选择提供理论参考。【方法】于2018年6—9月在浙江钱江源森林生态站杭州虎山实验基地人工气候室内控制相同环境的条件下,对6种亚热带典型树种及其配置的NAI浓度进行连续监测。同时,测定叶元素含量。采用单因素和LSD法进行方差分析和多重比较(α=0.05),利用Person分析法对NAI浓度与叶养分含量进行相关分析。【结果】树叶中锰离子和钾离子含量与NAI浓度均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),阔叶树叶中铁离子含量与NAI浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),针叶树叶中氮和铜离子含量与NAI浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同树木组成会导致NAI浓度差异显著,存在树种混合的交互作用。在混合树种为2种和4种时交互作用表现为正效应,且NAI的交互效应随叶面积和单种平均NAI浓度增加而增大。在混合树种为5种和6种时交互作用表现为负效应。在混合树种为2~6种时,交互效应与各树种混合处理的叶量呈紧密的非线性递增关系,回归方程y=-0.0631x^(2)+78.322x-23783。【结论】对提升植物周围的NAI浓度而言,树叶中锰离子和钾离子含量具有积极作用,阔叶树叶中铁离子含量和针叶树叶中氮和铜离子含量的作用更显著。不同树种的数量组成会导致NAI浓度的差异,交互作用效应受到叶生物量、叶面积、树高配置和单个树种NAI效应的影响。总体来说,树种配置的NAI浓度效应取决于它们之间的交互作用,有针叶树种时更利于提升NAI浓度,具有高NAI效应的树种处于配置最上层空间时更利于NAI浓度提升。开展树种配置和叶元素含量的NAI浓度效应研究将为高效康养森林的树种选择和结构配置提供科学依据。

【Objective】This study was conducted under the controlled experimental conditions in the phytotron.The effect of different tree species collocations on negative air ion(NAI)and the relationship between leaf nutrient elements and the NAI were investigated,in order to explore the mechanism of NAI production in the forest and provide a theoretical reference for the selection of tree species and their collocation in the future healthy forest.【Method】The NAI concentrations of six typical subtropical tree species and their collocations were continuously monitored in a phytotron at the Hushan Experimental Base,Qianjiang Source Forest Ecology Station,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China from June to September 2018.At the same time,the leaf element content was measured.One-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparisons(α=0.05)were used to test the collected data,and the correlation between NAI concentration and leaf nutrient content was analyzed using Person’s analysis.【Result】The contents of manganese and potassium ions in plant leaves were significantly positively correlated with the NAI concentration(P<0.05),the content of iron ion in broadleaf leaves was significantly positively correlated with the NAI concentration(P<0.01),and the contents of nitrogen and copper ions in coniferous species were significantly positively correlated with the NAI concentration(P<0.01).Different collocations of tree species led to significant differences in NAI concentration,and there was a tree species mixing interaction.The interaction showed a positive effect when the mixed species were two and four species,and the interaction effect on NAI increased with increasing leaf area and average NAI concentration of single species.The interaction showed a negative effect when the mixed tree species were five and six species.At mixed species of 2-6 species,the interaction effect showed a tight non-linear increasing relationship with the leaf biomass of each species mixed treatment,with the regression equation y=-0.0631 x^(2)+78.322 x–23783.【Conclusion】For raising the NAI concentration around plants,the contents of manganese and potassium ions in leaves have a positive effect,and the content of iron ion in broad-leaved leaves and the contents of nitrogen and copper ions in coniferous leaves have a more significant effect.The quantitative composition of different tree species leads to differences in NAI concentration,and interaction effects are influenced by leaf biomass,leaf area,tree height collocation,and individual tree species NAI effects.Overall,the NAI concentration effect of the tree species collocation depends on their interaction,with coniferous species being more conducive to elevate NAI concentration and species with high NAI effects being more conducive to elevate NAI concentration when they are in the uppermost space of the collocation.The research on NAI concentration effect of tree species collocation and leaf element content would provide a scientific basis for tree species selection and structural collocation of efficient recreational forests.