伊犁河谷西天山野果林苹果巢蛾重要寄生性天敌资源调查

Investigation on Parasitic Natural Enemy Resources of Yponomeuta padella(Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae)in Wild Fruit Forest of Western Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang

【目的】苹果巢蛾是新疆伊犁河谷西天山野果林的主要害虫之一,查明其寄生性天敌资源可为该害虫的生物防治奠定基础。【方法】2016—2017年在苹果巢蛾的发生地采集其幼虫和蛹,进行人工饲养,观察记录该害虫的生活史和形态特点,对饲养获得的寄生性天敌进行分类鉴定,确定优势寄生蜂及其生物学特征。【结果】1)明确了西天山野果林苹果巢蛾的生活史,饲养获得5种寄生性天敌——4种寄生蜂和1种寄蝇,其中巢蛾多胚跳小蜂和选择盆地寄蝇是苹果巢蛾幼虫期寄生蜂,齿腿长尾小蜂、群瘤姬蜂和长尾啮小蜂为苹果巢蛾蛹期寄生蜂;获得了优势寄生蜂巢蛾多胚跳小蜂的COI基因序列。2)通过对寄生率的比较统计,确定巢蛾多胚跳小蜂为苹果巢蛾的优势寄生蜂,其平均寄生率为64.52%,雌雄性比约为3.5∶1,并对巢蛾多胚跳小蜂在寄主幼虫中的发育过程进行初步研究。3)首次记录了苹果巢蛾蛹期寄生蜂长尾啮小蜂。【结论】查明了西天山野果林重要害虫苹果巢蛾的本土寄生性天敌资源及优势寄生蜂巢蛾多胚跳小蜂的发育历期、寄生率、性比和COI基因序列等信息,可为野果林天敌昆虫多样性的保护以及利用本土天敌昆虫对苹果巢蛾进行生物防治提供参考依据。

【Objective】Yponomeuta padella is a defoliator and one of the main pests in wild fruit forest of Western Tianshan Mountains in Yili Valley,Xinjiang.Investigation on its parasitic natural enemies could lay a foundation for the biological control of the pest.【Method】The larvae and pupae of Y.padella were collected in the occurrence place during the field investigation from 2016 to 2017 and artificially reared in the laboratory,in which its life history and morphological characteristics were observed.The parasitic natural enemies of the pest were classified and identified,and the biological characteristics of dominant parasitoids were recorded.【Result】1)The life history of Y.padella was clarified,and five parasitic enemies of Y.padella,including four parasitic wasps and one parasitic fly,Tachinidae,were obtained.Among them Ageniaspis fuscicollis and Bessa parallela attacked its larval stage,Monodontomerus sp.,Iseropus sp.and Aprostocetus sp.attacked the pupae.2)Through the comparison of parasitism rate,A.fuscicollis was considered as the dominant parasitic natural enemy of Y.padella,with an average parasitism rate of 69.77%,and could be a potential biological control agent of this pest.The ratio of female to male was about 3.5∶1.The development process of A.fuscicollis was preliminarily clarified.3)The parasitic wasp in the pupal stage of Y.padella was recorded for the first time.【Conclusion】In this study,we have found out the parasitic natural enemy resources of the main apple pest,Y.padella,and determined the development period,parasitic rate and sex ratio of dominant parasitoid A.fuscicollis,and firstly recorded Aprostocetus sp.,the pupal parasitic natural enemy of the pest.All the results will provide important references for the protection of the biodiversity of the natural enemies in wild fruit forest and for biological control of the pest by using native natural enemies.