我国口岸截获的10种乳白蚁的检疫鉴定

The quarantine and identification of 10 Coptotermes termites intercepted at ports in China

乳白蚁(Coptotermes)是一类我国进境植物检疫中经常截获的重要有害生物,然而长久以来其分类和鉴定都比较混乱。本文结合乳白蚁分类研究的最新成果,从我国口岸经常截获的乳白蚁中挑选出10个“确定种”,即台湾乳白蚁(C. formosanus)、曲颚乳白蚁(C. elisae)、格斯特乳白蚁(C. gestroi)、巴布亚乳白蚁(C. pamuae)、甘氏乳白蚁(C. gambrinus)、短刀乳白蚁(C. acinacifomis)、南美乳白蚁(C. testaceus)、中间乳白蚁(C. intermedius)、非洲乳白蚁(C. sjostedti)和阿曼乳白蚁(C. amanii)。对这10种乳白蚁的形态进行了分析,测量了其头部、前胸背板和后颏上9个重要特征值,结合图例分析了头部背面、前胸背板和上颚形态特征。扩增并分析了10种乳白蚁mtDNA上的COI基因片段,进一步验证了乳白蚁种类鉴定结果。最后给出了10种乳白蚁兵蚁的形态鉴定检索表,以期为口岸乳白蚁的检疫鉴定提供参考。

Coptotermes termites is a kind of important pests which are often intercepted in import plant quarantine in China,but their classification and identification have been confusing for a long time. Based on the latest taxonomic research of Coptotermes termites,10 "valid species" frequently intercepted at ports in China,namely,C. formosanus,C. elisae,C. gestroi,C. pamuae,C. gambrinus,C. acinacifomis,C. testaceus,C. intermedius,C. sjostedti and C. amanii were selected. The 9 important measured values on the head,pronotum and postmentum of these termites were analyzed,and the characteristic of head in dorsal,the pronotum and mandible were illustrated in the paper. The COI gene fragment on the mtDNA of the10 termites were amplified and analyzed,and the results have validated the morphological identification of these termites. Finally the key to the 10 Coptotermes termites were given to provide referrence for termite identification in import quarantine.