新生儿早期基本保健对早产儿6个月内生长发育的影响

Effect of early basic health care on the growth and development of premature infants within 6 months

目的探讨实施新生儿早期基本保健技术对早产儿体格及智能发育的影响。方法选取2017年6月—2018年6月在宁夏医科大学总医院新生儿重症监护室住院的36例早产儿为观察组,按照组间基本特征均衡可比的原则选择同期在宁夏医科大学第二附属医院的35例早产儿为对照组。对照组在分娩后实施常规产后处理和早产儿发育支持护理,观察组在分娩后实施“新生儿早期基本保健”中的核心干预内容(包括充分彻底擦干、立即母婴皮肤接触、延迟断脐、母乳喂养及袋鼠式护理)和早产儿发育支持护理。出院后对两组早产儿进行出院随访和早期教育训练指导至矫正6月龄;比较两组早产儿生后第7天、第14天、第42天、矫正3月龄和矫正6月龄的体格及智能发育情况。结果观察组早产儿在矫正3月龄、6月龄的体质量、身长和头围均高于对照组(P<0.05);在生后第42天,观察组新生儿神经行为测定总分及各维度得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);在矫正3月龄和矫正6月龄,观察组早产儿各维度发育商得分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论新生儿早期基本保健有益于早产儿生后42 d、矫正3月龄和矫正6月龄体格及智能的发育。

Objective To explore the effect of implementing basic neonatal health care techniques on physical and intellectual development of premature infants.Methods A total of 36 premature infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from June 2017 to June 2018 were selected as an observation group,according to the principle of balance and comparability of basic characteristics between groups,35 premature infants in the Second Affi liated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University during the same period were selected as a control group.The control group was given routine postpartum care and developmental support care for premature infants after delivery,after delivery,the observation group implemented the core interventions in"early neonatal basic care"(including adequate and thorough drying,immediate mother-infant skin-to-skin contact,delayed umbilical cord cutting,breastfeeding and kangaroo nursing)and developmental supportive care for premature infants.After discharge,the two groups of premature infants were followed up and guided by early education and training until the corrected age of 6 months;the physical and mental development of the two groups of premature infants were compared on the 7th,14th,and 42nd days after birth,corrected for 3 months of age,and corrected for 6 months of age.Results The corrected weight,length and head circumference of premature infants at 3 months and 6 months in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).On the 42nd day after birth,the total score and each dimension score of the neonatal neurobehavioral test in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).At the corrected age of 3 months and the corrected age of 6 months,the developmental quotient scores of the preterm infants in the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Early basic health care for premature infants is benefi cial to the physical and intellectual development of premature infants 42 days after birth,corrected for 3 months of age,and corrected for 6 months of age.