呼吸功能训练对老年支气管哮喘患者肺功能的影响

Effects of respiratory function training on pulmonary function in elderly patients with bronchial asthma

目的探讨呼吸功能训练对老年支气管哮喘患者肺功能的影响。方法60例老年支气管哮喘患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各30例。对照组采取常规方法干预,试验组在对照组基础上采取呼吸功能训练。比较两组肺功能相关指标,治疗后1、3周的焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,气道重塑情况,生活质量评分。结果试验组呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)浓度(16.3±0.9)ppb低于对照组的(27.0±0.8)ppb,最大呼气流量(3.60±0.08)L/s、第1秒用力呼气容积(2.25±0.04)L、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(71.0±3.5)%高于对照组的(2.90±0.09)L/s、(2.06±0.09)L、(69.0±3.8)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1、3周,试验组SAS评分分别为(56.24±4.60)、(40.76±4.63)分,低于对照组的(70.31±4.11)、(60.33±4.05)分,SDS评分分别为(31.65±5.33)、(28.32±2.52)分,低于对照组的(45.68±5.43)、(39.21±2.15)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组气管壁厚度/外径(16.46±0.46)%、气道总横截面积/外径(58.13±0.16)%均小于对照组的(23.06±0.49)%、(69.12±0.21)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组活动情况、疾病康复、刺激反应、自我关心评分分别为(49.00±1.22)、(35.10±0.31)、(33.20±0.16)、(52.81±0.31)分,均高于对照组的(40.80±1.31)、(22.90±0.42)、(27.10±0.35)、(33.08±0.43)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年支气管哮喘患者,采取呼吸功能训练的效果显著,可有效改善患者肺功能,值得临床推广。

Objective To discuss the effects of respiratory function training on pulmonary function in elderly patients with bronchial asthma.Methods A total of 60 elderly patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received conventional intervention,while the experimental group received respiratory function training on the basis of the control group.Both groups were compared in terms of pulmonary function related indicators,Selfrating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score,the Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)score,airway remodeling,and quality of life scores at 1 and 3 weeks after treatment.Results In the experimental group,the fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)concentration(16.3±0.9)ppb was lower than(27.0±0.8)ppb in the control group;the maximum expiratory flow was(3.60±0.08)L/s,the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second was(2.25±0.04)L and the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second as a percentage of the predicted value was(71.0±3.5)%,which were higher than(2.90±0.09)L/s,(2.06±0.09)L,and(69.0±3.8)% in the control group;all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).At 1 and 3 weeks after treatment,the SAS scores of the experimental group were(56.24±4.60)and(40.76±4.63)points,which were lower than(70.31±4.11)and(60.33±4.05)points of the control group;the SDS scores were(31.65±5.33)and(28.32±2.52)points,which were lower than(45.68±5.43)and(39.21±2.15)points of the control group;all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The tracheal wall thickness/outer diameter(16.46±0.46)% and total airway cross-sectional area/outer diameter(58.13±0.16)% in the experimental group were all smaller than(23.06±0.49)% and(69.12±0.21)% in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of activity,disease recovery,stimulus response,and self-care in the experimental group were(49.00±1.22),(35.10±0.31),(33.20±0.16),and(52.81±0.31)points,which were higher than(40.80±1.31),(22.90±0.42),(27.10±0.35),and(33.08±0.43)points in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Respiratory function training has significant effect on elderly patients with bronchial asthma,and can improve the pulmonary function of patients,which is worthy of clinical promotion.