机动车排放细颗粒物精细化源谱构建及应用

Fine Construction and Application of Source Spectrum of Fine Particles from Vehicle Emission

利用真空瓶现场采样并结合单颗粒气溶胶质谱(SPAMS)技术,对主流品牌汽油车和柴油车排放细颗粒物进行组分分析和源谱构建。结果表明:汽、柴油车尾气源谱特征整体较为相似,相似度均值达到0.88,均以碳和钙为主要特征组分;部分柴油车特征源谱中硫酸盐特征较为明显,碳组分中OC特征突出;汽油车源谱特征中磷酸盐特征相对突出,且碳组分中短链元素碳占比较高。根据建立的源谱进行实际道路观测,结合风速、风向等气象要素分析,2021年2月1日—24日观测点位对应的移动源占比为33.5%,其中汽油车贡献21.0%,柴油车贡献12.5%。

Vacuum bottle in-situ sampling and single particle aerosol mass spectrometry method were used to study the composition and source spectrum of fine particle emission from leading brand gasoline and diesel vehicles.The results showed that the source spectrum characteristics of gasoline and diesel vehicles were similar as a whole,the mean similarity was 0.88,both with carbon and calcium as the main characteristic components.Sulfate features were obvious in the characteristic of source spectrum of some diesel vehicles,OC features were prominent in carbon components.However,phosphate features were relatively prominent in the characteristics of source spectrum of gasoline vehicles,and short chain element carbon accounted for a high proportion of carbon components.Based on the actual observation of road by the source spectrum,combined with the analysis of wind speed,wind direction and other meteorological parameters,the mobile source corresponding to the observation points accounted for 33.5% from Feb.1th to 24th,2021,of which gasoline vehicles contributed 21.0% and diesel vehicles contributed 12.5%.