美国优弱势模式在学习障碍鉴别中的应用与争议

Application and Controversy of the Pattern of Strengths and Weaknesses in the Identification of Specific Learning Disabilitiest

优弱势模式以当代认知理论为基础,分化出四种不同的鉴别模式,其倡导的综合认知评估方式的使用代表了一种新的尝试,但由于缺乏强有力的科学实证支撑,在同行评议中,受到评估程序不严谨、鉴别有效性遭到质疑、对后续干预意义不大等批评,美国大部分州允许使用,少数州禁止使用该模式。文章以美国特定学习障碍儿童的评估鉴别新模式——认知优弱势模式为研究对象,阐述该模式的研究背景、四种不同的鉴别模式、研究争议及实际应用情况,以期为我国学习障碍的评估鉴定研究提供借鉴。

Based on contemporary cognitive theory,the superior and inferior mode is divided into four different identification modes.The use of the comprehensive cognitive evaluation method advocated by it represents a new attempt.However,due to the lack of strong scientific empirical support,in the peer review,it is criticized by the lack of rigorous evaluation procedures,questioned validity of identification,and little significance for subsequent interventions.Most states in the United States allow the use of this model,while a few states prohibit the use of this model.This article takes a new model of assessment and identification of children with specific learning disabilities in the United States-the cognitive superiority and disadvantaged model as the research object,and expounds the research background,four different identification models,research disputes and practical applications of this model,in order to provide information for evaluation and identification of the development of learning disabilities in China.