奶农采用精准奶业技术行为的影响因素分析

Factors influencing farmers'adoption of precision dairy technology

为掌握精准奶业技术在中国的应用现状及其关键影响因素,该研究调研了华北产区345个奶农对国际上水平较高的4种精准奶业技术的采用情况,结果表明自动脱杯、自动识别、产奶量自动记录和自动发情监测4种精准奶业技术的采用率分别为64.9%、57.7%、56.2%和37.7%。而未采用任何一种技术的88个奶农的调研结果显示,技术前期投资成本太高,无法承担费用(占比71.9%)是未采用这些技术的最重要的原因,但有26个奶农表示接下来打算使用。调研的11种因素中,有7种因素至少对1种技术的采用产生显著影响。其中3种因素即奶农受教育程度、养殖规模和日均产奶量对4种技术具有显著正向促进作用,其他4种因素至少对2种技术的采用产生显著正向影响。4种技术中,自动脱杯受养殖规模、政府补贴、技术培训的影响最小。自动识别受收入满意程度和教育程度的影响作用最大。产奶量自动记录受日均产奶量、政府补贴的影响最大,不受技术培训的影响。自动发情监测受教育程度、日均产奶量的影响最低,受养殖规模和技术培训的影响最高,不受政府补贴的影响。影响因素分析进一步为政府和企业针对4种技术制定推广应用措施提供依据,如针对自动脱杯技术,由于养殖规模对其影响最小,应将推广重点放在小规模养殖场上。而自动发情监测技术的推广重点应放在大规模养殖场上,并利用技术培训提高奶农认知水平和数据管理技能。

Modern dairy industry has an urgent need to promote a sustainable development strategy in China.Among them,precision dairy technology can be one of the most important ways to realize the modern dairy industry.Farm management can be transformed from the group to the individual for high efficiency and production level.However,the current adoption of precision dairy technology was still lacking so far.Most research was focused on the influencing factors of technology application and development.Only a few explored the current adoption of precision dairy technology.This study aims to investigate the adoption behavior of precision dairy technology by dairy farmers.The research areas were selected as the dairy-producing bases in North China(Hebei Province,Henan Province,Shandong Province,and Shanxi Province).345 valid samples were firstly collected for the latter use.A binary Logit regression was then used to construct the theoretical framework for the farmers'adoption of precision dairy technology,according to the farmers'behavior and innovation diffusion theory.The results showed that:1)The adoption rates of automatic cup stripping,identification,milk recording,and estrus monitoring technology by dairy farmers were 64.9%,57.7%,56.2%,and 37.7%,respectively.2)The non-adoption of new technologies was ever more costly for dairy farmers,particularly for the unaffordable investment in the early stage of technology.3)All technology popularization levels,breeding scales,and average daily milk production presented a significant positive correlation on the adoption of four technologies.By contrast,there was a significant correlation with the other factors on the adoption of at least two technologies.Among the four technologies,the automatic cup stripping technology was the least affected by the breeding scale,policy subsidies,and technical training.The automatic identification technology was the most affected by the satisfaction of breeding income and education level.The automatic milk recording technology was the most affected by the average daily milk production,and policy subsidies without technical training.The automatic estrus monitoring technology was the least affected by the education level and average daily milk production without the policy subsidies,particularly the most influence from the breeding scale and technical training.Therefore,it is recommended to implement the different promotion measures for the four technologies.Specifically,the automatic cup stripping technology can be focused on small-scale farms,due to the least influence from the farming scale.The automatic estrus monitoring technology can be focused on large-scale breeding farms,technical popularization,and training for the strong skills of data management for the dairy farmers.