医学高职院校新生心理普查及对策研究

Psychological Survey and Countermeasures of Freshmen in Medical Higher Vocational Colleges

目的:掌握医学高职院校新生心理状态,通过分析心理普测结果,为高校提供科学有效的心理健康教育工作方法。方法:采用教育部思政司研制的《中国大学生心理健康筛查量表》,对2020级、2021级10230名高校新生进行心理测评。结果:2020级、2021级新生在幻觉、妄想症状、焦虑、自卑、敏感、依赖、冲动、强迫、学业压力、就业压力、躯体化、敌对攻击、网络成瘾、自伤行为及人际关系困扰等因子上均有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生的量表总得分显著高于男生(P<0.05);农村生源在自卑、社交恐惧、学业压力和就业压力等因子得分上显著高于城镇生源学生(P<0.05),城镇生源学生在幻觉、妄想症状、自杀意图、偏执、躯体化、敌对和自伤行为等因子得分上显著高于农村生源学生(P<0.05)。结论:医学高职院校新生心理状态基本稳定;女生的心理健康水平低于男生;不同生源学生存在不同心理困扰。高校须对学生存在的心理问题提高警惕,有针对性地开展心理健康教育工作。

Objective: To master the psychological state of freshmen in medical higher vocational colleges and provide scientific and effective methods of mental health education for colleges and universities by analyzing the results of psychological general surveys. Methods: The Mental Health Screening Scale for Chinese College Students developed by the Department of Ideological and Political Affairs of the Ministry of Education was used to conduct psychological assessment on 10230 freshmen in the 2020 and 2021 classes. Results: In 2020 and 2021 freshmen,there were statistical significance(P<0.05) in hallucinations, delusional symptoms, anxiety, low self-esteem, sensitivity, dependence, impulsiveness, compulsion, academic pressure, employment pressure, somatization, hostile aggression, Internet addiction, self-injury behavior and interpersonal troubles;The total score of girls was significantly higher than that of boys(P<0.05);Rural students were significantly higher than urban students in factors such as inferiority complex, social fear, academic pressure and employment pressure(P<0.05), the scores of hallucinations, delusional symptoms, suicidal intent, paranoia, somatization, hostility and self-injury behavior of urban students were significantly higher than those of rural students(P<0.05). Conclusion: The mental state of freshmen in medical higher vocational colleges is basically stable;The mental health level of girls is lower than that of boys;Students from different sources have different psychological distress. Colleges and universities need to be vigilant against students’ psychological problems and carry out mental health education.