纤维增强树脂基复合材料防弹头盔研究进展

Progress of bulletproof helmet made by fibre reinforced polymer composites

防弹头盔是保护人体头部免受高速弹丸或破片伤害的一种防护装备,对提高士兵的生存能力、降低伤亡率和增强战斗力至关重要。面对日益复杂的战场环境,轻量化和高防护始终是防弹头盔发展的目标。随材料科学发展,纤维增强树脂基复合材料成为防弹头盔的最佳选择。针对目前国内外防弹头盔的发展现状,简要分析了纤维增强复合材料的抗弹吸能机理,总结了复合材料防弹头盔用高性能纤维材料、树脂基体及纤维增强体织物结构等因素对头盔防护性能的影响,简述了复合材料防弹头盔的成型工艺技术、防护性能评价指标与测试标准,对其未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期为今后高性能复合材料防弹头盔的结构设计与制造提供借鉴和参考。

The bullet-proof helmets are a kind of protective equipments used to protect the human head from high-speed bullet or fragment injury,which are very important to improve the survival ability of soldiers,reduce the casualty rate and enhance the combat effectiveness. In the face of increasingly complex battlefield environment,lightweight and high-level protection are always the development goals of bullet-proof helmets. With the development of materials science,fiber reinforced polymer(FRP)composites have become the best choice for bullet-proof helmets. Aiming at the development status of bulletproof helmet at home and abroad,the mechanisms of ballistic resistance and energy absorption of FRP composites are briefly analyzed in this article. The effects of high performance fibers,resin matrix and fabric structures on the protective properties of composite bulletproof helmets are summarized. The fabricating technologies,evaluation index and test criterion of FRP bullet-proof helmets are also briefly sketched. The development trends of the combat helmets in the future are preliminarily expected,in order to provide the meaningful references for the structural design and fabrication of high performance composite bullet-proof helmets.