西方文论关键词:接受美学

Reception Aesthetics:A Keyword in Critical Theory

接受美学作为接受理论研究中最重要的一个流派,诞生于20世纪60年代中后期的联邦德国。以姚斯和伊瑟尔为代表的康斯坦茨学派,强调读者在文学接受过程中的积极能动作用,认为作品的意义是在读者的阅读过程中产生的。姚斯和伊瑟尔的理论有各自的侧重点:姚斯关注读者与作品之间的视野交融和变化,从接受的角度研究文学史;伊瑟尔感兴趣的是具体阅读过程中,文本结构与读者之前的互动关系如何生成作品的意义。接受美学的创立,使文学研究的中心从作家和作品转移到读者身上,导致传统文学研究的范式发生了根本性的变化。

As one of the most important genres of the reception theory,Reception Aesthetics originated from the work of Hans Robert Jauß and Wolfgang Iser in the late 1960s in Germany.The Constance School,represented by Jauß and Iser,emphasizes on reader’s reception or interpretation in making meaning from a literary text.However,Jauß’s and Iser’s theories have different approaches:Jauß,concerned with the fusion and change of horizons between the reader and the text,attempts to study literary history with a focus on the reader’s receptions.Iser is more interested in how meaning was generated in the interaction between the text structure and the reader during the process of reading.Reception theory has fundamentally changed the traditional paradigm of literary study,initiating a shift of emphasis from the author or the work to the reader.