不同日龄和性别舞阳鸽胸肌肉常规肉品质及主要营养成分的比较

Comparison of conventional meat quality and main nutritional compositions of breast muscle of Wuyang pigeons in different ages and genders

目的 充分解析河南地方资源舞阳鸽肉质性状特点,系统分析不同日龄和性别舞阳鸽胸肌肉的常规肉品质及主要营养组成。方法 随机选取健康乳鸽、成年公鸽和成年母鸽各30只,进行屠宰。取双侧胸肌,分别进行常规肉品质和营养组成的测定。结果 舞阳乳鸽胸肌肉的肉色红度值显著高于成年母鸽(P<0.05),成年公鸽胸肌肉的剪切力显著高于成年母鸽和乳鸽(P<0.05),三者pH和失水率没有显著差别(P>0.05)。与白羽王乳鸽相比,舞阳乳鸽肉色偏红偏黄, pH、剪切力和失水率都偏高。日龄对舞阳鸽胸肌肉水分、脂肪、肌苷酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05),舞阳乳鸽水分比白羽王乳鸽高5.10%,脂肪比白羽王乳鸽低48.08%。成年母鸽胸肌肉必需氨基酸占比显著高于成年公鸽和乳鸽(P<0.05),尤其是亮氨酸、蛋氨酸和苯丙氨酸占有显著优势(P<0.05)。舞阳乳鸽胸肌肉鲜味氨基酸比白羽王乳鸽高出24.44%。日龄对舞阳鸽饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸比例影响显著(P<0.05)。白羽王乳鸽未检出花生三烯酸(C20:3),舞阳乳鸽含量高达4.75%。不同日龄和性别舞阳鸽胸肌肉微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Se含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。与市售鸽肉相比, Fe含量较高, Cu、Zn含量较低。结论 日龄和性别对舞阳鸽胸肌肉的肉色、剪切力、水分、脂肪、肌苷酸、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成均有影响。舞阳鸽胸肌肉不仅具有色泽红润、嫩度小、不易酸败、风味好等地方畜禽品种肉特有品质,同时氨基酸组成更均衡,脂肪酸组成更优化,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪的理想型食用肉类。

Objective To explore the preponderance of meat quality traits of Wuyang pigeons which are one of the important local resources of Henan, and systematically analyze the conventional meat quality and main nutritional compositions of breast muscle of Wuyang pigeons in different ages and genders. Methods Thirty healthy squabs,adult male pigeons and adult female pigeons were randomly selected and slaughtered. Bilateral breast muscles were taken, and routine meat quality and nutrient composition were determined respectively. Results The flesh color redness value of breast muscle of Wuyang squabs was significantly higher than that of adult female pigeons(P<0.05),and the shear force of breast muscle of adult male pigeons was significantly higher than that of adult female pigeons and squabs(P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in pH and water loss rate among them(P>0.05).Compared with the White King squabs, the Wuyang squabs’ flesh color was red and yellow, pH, shear force and water loss rate were higher. The content of water, fat and inosinic acid in breast muscle of Wuyang pigeons was significantly affected by age(P<0.05), and water content and fat content of Wuyang squabs were 5.10% higher and 48.08% lower than those of White King squabs. The proportion of essential amino acids in breast muscle of adult female pigeons was significantly higher than that of adult male pigeons and squabs(P<0.05), especially leucine,methionine and phenylalanine(P<0.05). The flavorful amino acid of breast muscle of Wuyang squabs was 24.44%higher than that of White King squabs. The proportion of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid was significantly affected by age of Wuyang squabs(P<0.05). Arachidonic acid(C20:3) was not detected in White King squabs, and the content of Wuyang squabs was as high as 4.75%. There were no significant differences in the content of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in breast muscle of Wuyang pigeons in different ages and genders(P>0.05). Compared with commercial pigeon meat, Fe content of Wuyang pigeons was higher, Cu and Zn content were lower. Conclusion Age and gender have influence on flesh color, shear force, moisture, fat, inosinic acid, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of breast muscle of Wuyang pigeons. Breast muscle of Wuyang pigeon not only has a ruddy color,tenderness of small, not easy rancidity, good flavor and other local livestock and poultry meat unique qualities;at the same time, the composition of amino acids is more balanced and the composition of fatty acids is more optimized, so it is an ideal type of meat with high protein and low fat.