浙东白鹅肉瘤形态学和组织学观察及其与肌肉营养成分关系分析

Morphological and Histological Comparison of Knob Traits in Zhedong White Goose and Its Relationship with Meat Composition

为研究浙东白鹅不同大小肉瘤形态和组织学差异及其对肌肉营养成分的影响,试验对500日龄大小肉瘤鹅进行了肉瘤形态学和组织学观察及肌肉营养成分测定。结果显示:①大肉瘤鹅的骨凸长、骨凸高显著大于小肉瘤鹅(P<0.05),而骨凸宽差异不显著(P>0.05)。大肉瘤的鹅瘤重、体重极显著大于小肉瘤鹅(P<0.01),胸肌重也显著大于小肉瘤鹅(P<0.05)。骨凸长与瘤长、瘤高呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),骨凸宽与瘤宽显著正相关(P<0.05),瘤长与瘤重、体重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。②肉瘤肉质部分绝大部分由皮下组织构成,大肉瘤皮下组织厚度极显著大于小肉瘤(P<0.01),而小肉瘤皮肤真皮层及皮下组织胶原纤维网更加密集,角质层、真皮层厚度极显著大于大肉瘤皮肤组织(P<0.01),表皮层厚度显著大于大肉瘤皮肤组织(P<0.05)。③大肉瘤鹅腿肌胶原含量显著高于小肉瘤鹅(P<0.05)。浙东白鹅大、小肉瘤在肉瘤长、宽、高等表型以及角质层、真皮层等组织学指标上存在显著差异,并且肉瘤大小与肌肉胶原含量显著相关,提示该性状可作为胶原含量等活体不可测定指标间接选育的表型标记。

In order to study the differences of knob of different sizes in morphology and histology and their effects on meat composition of Zhedong white geese,morphological and histological observation and meat composition determination of 500-day-age geese with large knob and small knob were carried out.The results showed as follows:(1)The length and height of bony crest of geese with large knob were significantly higher than those of geese with small knob(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the width of bony crest.The knob weight and body weight of geese with large knob were significantly higher than those of geese with small knob(P<0.01),and the breast muscle weight of geese with large knob was significantly higher than that of geese with small knob(P<0.05).The length of bone bulge was significantly positively correlated with the length and height of knob(P<0.01),knob width was significantly positively correlated with the width of bone bulge(P<0.05),and knob length of was significantly positively correlated with the body weight and knob weight(P<0.05).(2)The fleshy part of knob mainly composed by subcutaneous tissue,subcutaneous tissue of large knob thickness was significantly larger than that of small knob(P<0.01),while skin dermis and subcutaneous tissue of small knob had more intense collagen fibres,corneous layer and true cortex thickness was significantly larger than large knob skin tissue(P<0.01),significantly greater than the large knob epidermis thickness skin tissue(P<0.05).(3)The collagen content of leg muscle with large knob was significantly higher than that of small knob(P<0.05).There were significant differences in knob phenotypic characters(knob length,knob width and knob high)and histological index(corneous layer,dermal thickness)in Zhedong white goose with different size knob,and knob size was significantly correlated with collagen content in muscle,which might be a phenotypic marker for indirect selection of non-determinable indexes such as collagen content in goose.