仿生定向液体输送的功能材料表面设计与应用

Design and Application of Bionic Surface for Directional Liquid Transportation

无外界能量输入及设备辅助的情况下,在基底表面上控制液体自发输送在微流控和流体低能耗运输中具有重要意义。然而,液体的自发输送会被接触角滞后效应及摩擦阻力所阻碍。自然界中的生物(如蝴蝶翅膀、仙人掌、猪笼草、蜘蛛丝和沙漠甲虫)特殊的表面形貌结构能够将收集到的水分自发输送。受此启发,通过表面调控等方法人工合成材料的仿生表界面也可以自发运输液体。近十余年,仿生表面的液体定向输送得到了广泛关注和深入研究,预期在定向集水、宏观液体输送、油水分离、微流控系统等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本综述系统地介绍了定向运输液体功能材料的原理、合成方法及其应用,深入解析了制约其应用的主要因素,并总结和展望了定向运输液体的功能材料在未来发展中所面对的机遇与挑战。

The biological surfaces in nature can transport liquids in a given direction without any external energy or additional setup. Inspired by the natural surface, the liquid can be successfully transported by artificial surfaces. In recent years, liquid directional transportation has received extensive attention and in-depth research, and it is expected to have prospects in the fields of directional water collection, macroscopic liquid transportation, oil-water separation, microfluidic systems, etc. This review systematically introduces the principle of liquid transport, processing methods and potential application of biomimetic surfaces. Additionally, the limitations, challenges and future opportunities of liquid transportation are also scoped in this review.