丝素蛋白3D打印在生物医学领域中的应用

Silk Fibroin-Based 3D Printing Strategies for Biomedical Applications

增材制造,也称为三维(3D)打印,正推动制造、工程、医学等领域的全面创新升级。3D打印技术由于能够个性化定制生物的复杂3D微结构,构建仿生的功能化活组织或人工器官,近十年来在生物医学领域中取得了长足的发展。丝素蛋白(SF)是一种来源丰富、生物可降解、力学性能优良、细胞相容性极佳的天然有机高分子,为3D打印墨水的设计提供了一种有前景的选择。然而,作为结构蛋白,单一组分的SF具有的生理功能有限,且其经过打印后的稳定性较差,限制了SF在3D打印以及生物医药领域中的进一步发展。为此,研究人员通过化学改性技术和先进3D打印技术相结合,使得改性后的SF能够更适用于3D打印,并发展成为一种具有应用价值的生物材料。本文综述了SF的结构特征、SF的化学修饰策略、打印墨水的制备策略以及3D打印SF材料在生物医学领域的最新应用进展,并展望了3D打印SF生物材料的未来发展趋势,为其在更广阔领域的应用提供一定的借鉴。

Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional(3D) printing, drives comprehensive innovations and upgrades in manufacturing, engineering, medicine, and other fields. 3D printing technology has made great progress in the biomedicine field in the past decade due to its ability to customize the complex 3D microstructures of organisms and construct biomimetic functional living tissues or artificial organs. In addition, silk fibroin(SF) is a natural organic polymer with abundant sources, biodegradable, excellent mechanical properties, and good cytocompatibility, which provides a promising choice for the design of 3D-printing inks. However, as a structural protein, single-component SF has limited physiological functions, and poor stability after printing, which limits the further development of SF in 3D printing and biomedical fields. For these reasons, researchers combined advanced 3D printing technologies with chemical modification methods to make the modified SF easy to be used for 3D printing and develop into a valuable biomaterial. Here, this article reviews the structural characteristics of SF, chemical modification strategies of SF, preparation strategies of printing inks and the latest application progress of 3D printed SF materials in the biomedical field. Meanwhile, we also look forward to the future development trend of 3D printed SF biomaterials, which provides a useful guideline for its application in a wider field.