基于均衡调控的路用基础吸能材料制备及性能优化

Preparation and property optimization of road basic energy-absorbing materials based on balanced control

为进一步开拓吸能材料在道路领域的全新应用,调控制备了兼具优异力学性能与吸能缓力特性的新型路用吸能材料,确定了材料适宜养生时间,明确了不同类型路用吸能材料的力学性能、吸能特性与缓力功效,在此基础上,建立了基于多指标决策的路用吸能材料综合性能评价体系,采用Ⅱ型弹性体聚合物(EP-Ⅱ)作为基础吸能材料,推荐了路用吸能材料组成配比最佳方案,为吸能材料在道路工程中的进一步推广应用奠定坚实基础。结果表明:聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微粉均能有效改善Ⅱ型弹性体聚合物材料的力学性能与吸能特性,但后者效果更佳;两者能够协同增强基础吸能材料的各项性能,对于拉伸、撕裂、吸能等性能分别提升127.4%~129.11%、34.04%与101.65%;综合考虑工作性能及经济效益,推荐路用吸能材料最佳配方为:1.0wt%PVA-3wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ,其相应各项工作性能指标为:拉伸强度14.29 MPa、断裂伸长率703.36%、撕裂强度79.27 N/mm、吸收转化能量1.73 J、最小缓冲系数10.21。

The purpose is to further develop the new application of energy-absorbing materials in the field of road.A new type of road energy-absorbing material with excellent mechanical properties, energy absorbing property and cushion property was prepared. The suitable curing time was determined. The mechanical properties, energy absorption characteristics and cushion effect of different types of road energy-absorbing materials were clarified. On this basis, the comprehensive property evaluation system of road energy-absorbing materials based on multi index decision-making was established. Type II elastomeric polymer(EP-Ⅱ) was used as the basic energy-absorbing material. The optimum scheme of composition ratio of road energy-absorbing materials was recommended. It lays a solid foundation for the further popularization and application of energy-absorbing materials in road engineering.The results show that both polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) fiber and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)micropowder can effectively improve the mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of Type Ⅱ elastomeric polymer, but the effect of the latter is more significant;Both of them can enhance the performance of basic energy absorbing materials. The tensile properties, tearing properties and energy absorption properties are improved by 127.4%-129.11%, 34.04% and 101.65% respectively;Considering the working properties and economic benefits, the optimum scheme of the recommended road energy-absorbing material is 1.0wt% PVA-3wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ. The corresponding working property indicators are: tensile strength 14.29 MPa, elongation at break 703.36%, tear strength 79.27 N/mm, absorbed conversion energy 1.73 J, and the minimum buffer factor 10.21.