马克思劳动辩证法思想的双重维度及其新时代启示

The Dual Dimension of Marx’s Labor Dialectics and Its Enlightenment in the New Era

马克思劳动辩证法思想具有双重维度:在哲学维度中,劳动作为社会存在的本体,是“既定社会”和“现实的个人”存在和发展的动力和源泉;在政治经济学维度中,马克思通过考察资本主义社会中劳动的内在矛盾这条隐形的线索,揭示笼罩在劳动上的资本主体自我运动的本质,并基于资本矛盾的不可调和性,主张将辩证法的革命性和批判性贯穿到底。马克思劳动辩证法思想的哲学维度和政治经济学维度是一般与个别、普遍与特殊的关系,或者说是本体论和价值论的关系。马克思劳动辩证法思想是本体论、价值论和方法论三者的统一,其在本体论意义上把劳动作为人和社会发展的根本动力,在价值论层面把实现劳动自由与解放作为根本的价值指向,在方法论层面强调分析劳动问题时的辩证思维。研究马克思劳动辩证法思想在新时代具有重要的价值和启示:在认识劳动价值时,要明确劳动是乐生要素和谋生手段的统一,坚持运用劳动物质价值与精神价值的统一、劳动功利性价值与超功利价值的统一的辩证思维方法;坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,推动共同富裕取得实质性进展;实现社会物质资料极大丰富、提升个人劳动能力和思想认识以促进劳动自由。

Marx’s thought on labor dialectics has two dimensions.In the philosophical dimension, labor, as the ontology of social existence, is the driving force and source of the existence and development of“a given society”and“realistic individual”;In the dimension of political economy, Marx revealed the essence of the self movement of capital subjects shrouded in labor by investigating the hidden clue of the internal contradiction of labor in capitalist society, and advocated the revolutionary and critical nature of dialectics through to the end based on the irreconcilability of capital contradiction. The philosophical dimension and political economy dimension of Marx’s labor dialectics are the relationship between general and individual, general and special, or the relationship between ontology and axiology. Marxist labor dialectics insists on the unity of ontology, axiology and methodology. It regards labor as the fundamental driving force of human and social development in the sense of ontology, and regards the realization of labor freedom and liberation as the fundamental value orientation at the axiological level.At the methodological level, it emphasizes dialectical thinking when analyzing labor issues. The study of Marxist labor dialectics has important value and enlightenment in the New Era: When understanding the value of labor, it is necessary to make it clear that labor is the unity of the elements of happiness and means of making a living, and adhere to the dialectical thinking method of the unity of labor material value and spiritual value, and the unity of labor utilitarian value and super utilitarian value;adhere to the people-centered development thought and promote common prosperity to achieve substantial progress;realize the great enrichment of social material materials and improve personal labor ability and ideological awareness to promote labor freedom.